Piercing and sucking insects, such as aphids, scale insects, spider mites, and thrips, feed on plant sap by inserting their mouthparts into the plant tissue. These pests extract nutrients from the plant, causing damage that is not immediately visible on the surface. However, over time, symptoms like leaf discoloration, curling, yellowing, or the formation of galls and deformities may appear. These changes can significantly affect the plant's health and appearance.
In addition to direct damage, these pests often act as vectors for plant pathogens. As they feed, they ingest microorganisms from infected plants and then inject them into healthy ones through their saliva. This transmission process can lead to the spread of viral, bacterial, or fungal diseases. Insects such as whiteflies, leafhoppers, and planthoppers are well-known carriers of various plant diseases, making them particularly dangerous to crops and ornamental plants.
The long-term effects of infestation can be severe. Affected leaves may turn yellow and fall off, reducing the plant’s ability to photosynthesize. Fruits may stop growing, become deformed, or even fail to develop properly. In severe cases, branches may wither and die, and the entire tree may decline in health, especially in the following growing season.
To manage these pests, one effective method involves trunk scraping. During the active pest season, select a suitable area on the tree trunk and carefully remove the outer bark layer. The depth of the scrape should reach the green cambium layer without damaging the inner tissues, as excessive scraping can cause phytotoxicity. The width of the scrape depends on the trunk size—wider areas are used for thicker trunks, while narrower sections are suitable for smaller trees. After scraping, apply 40% omethoate (but avoid using it within 1 month of fruit harvest). This treatment helps control the pests and reduces further damage.
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