Piercing and sucking insect pests, such as aphids, scale insects, spider mites, and thrips, feed on plant sap by inserting their mouthparts into the plant tissue. These pests extract nutrients from the plant, causing damage that is often not immediately visible on the surface. However, over time, symptoms like yellowing, curling, or distortion of leaves may appear, along with the formation of galls, leaf spots, or even worm-like structures on stems and roots. The damage can significantly affect the overall health and appearance of the plant.
In addition to direct feeding damage, these pests are also known to transmit plant pathogens. As they feed on infected plants, they can pick up harmful microorganisms, which are then introduced into healthy plants through their saliva during subsequent feedings. This makes them major vectors for diseases such as viral infections, bacterial blights, and fungal disorders. Insects like whiteflies, leafhoppers, and planthoppers are particularly notorious for spreading diseases across crops and ornamental plants.
The long-term effects of infestation can be severe. Affected leaves often turn yellow and drop prematurely, reducing the plant's ability to photosynthesize. Fruits may stop growing, become shriveled, or develop deformities. In more severe cases, branches may die back, and in extreme situations, the entire tree may succumb to the damage. These pests can cause significant economic losses, especially in fruit and vegetable production.
To manage these pests, one effective method involves scraping the bark of the tree trunk during the active pest season. The area should be cleaned until the green layer beneath the bark is exposed, without damaging the inner tissues too deeply to avoid phytotoxicity. The width of the scraped area typically ranges from 20 to 50 cm, depending on the size of the tree. For larger trunks, a wider scrape is appropriate, while smaller trees require narrower sections. After scraping, an insecticide such as 40% omethoate can be applied. It is important to follow safety guidelines, as this chemical should not be used close to harvest time on fruit trees. Regular monitoring and integrated pest management practices are essential for long-term control.
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