In soybean fields, the primary monocot weeds include crabgrass, barnyardgrass, goosegrass, quackgrass, and green foxtail, while common broadleaf weeds consist of pigweed, kochia, lambsquarters, and jimsonweed. Summer soybeans are typically sown in June, during a hot and rainy season when weed growth is vigorous, dense, and diverse. This often leads to competition for nutrients, water, and sunlight, which can result in reduced soybean yields. Weeds usually begin to emerge within 5 days after planting and continue to grow for up to 60 days, making timely weed control essential. Therefore, mastering effective chemical weed control techniques is crucial for maximizing soybean productivity. **Pre-emergence Weed Control Techniques** 1. For fields dominated by grassy weeds, apply 50% acetochlor EC at 100–150 ml or 33% pendimethalin EC at 150–200 ml within three days after sowing. Mix with 50–80 kg of water and spray directly onto the soil surface. In dry conditions, increase the water volume or lightly till the top 2 cm of soil to improve herbicide efficacy. 2. When broadleaf weeds like pigweed and lambsquarters are dominant, mix 50% acetochlor EC (100 ml) with 24% oxyfluorfen emulsion (10–15 ml) and apply it to the soil surface with 50–80 kg of water. Adjust the dosage based on soil type: use lower rates on sandy or low-organic-matter soils, and higher rates on heavier soils. Be cautious of environmental conditions—low temperatures, high humidity, or excessive moisture can increase the risk of phytotoxicity. Symptoms may include leaf curling, but once soybean plants have developed three true leaves and temperatures rise, recovery is usually observed without long-term yield loss. **Post-emergence Weed Control Techniques** 1. For grassy weed infestations, apply 5% quizalofop-pethyl emulsion at 50–70 ml or 10.8% fenoxaprop-p-ethyl EC at 20–40 ml per 30 kg of water during the early seedling stage of weeds. 2. For fields mainly affected by broadleaf weeds, use 10% ethofumesate EC at 10–30 ml mixed with 30 kg of water when weeds are in the early seedling stage. 3. In mixed weed infestations, combine 7.5% carfentrazone-ethyl (registered as 802.4 ml by the Ministry of Agriculture) or 5% quizalofop-p-ethyl EC (50–75 ml) with 25% acifluorfen (diphenyl ether herbicide) at 50 ml, and spray with 30 kg of water. The exact dosage should be adjusted based on weed density and growth stage. Higher doses may be needed for larger or more aggressive weeds. It is important to note that diphenyl ether herbicides should be applied when soybean plants have 2–4 compound leaves to avoid damage. Applying them too early or too late can cause phytotoxic effects, so timing is critical for optimal results. Always follow label instructions and consider local weather conditions before application.

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