Soybean fields are often plagued by various weeds, which can significantly impact crop yield and quality. The primary monocotyledonous weeds include crabgrass, barnyardgrass, goosegrass, cockroach, and green foxtail, while broadleaf weeds such as purslane, common mallow, and nettle also pose challenges. Summer soybeans are typically sown in June, during a period of high temperatures and heavy rainfall, creating ideal conditions for weed growth. As a result, weed populations tend to be dense, vigorous, and diverse, often leading to competition for nutrients, water, and sunlight—conditions that are highly detrimental to soybean productivity. Weeds usually begin to emerge within five days after planting and reach full development within 60 days. This rapid growth makes timely weed control essential. Therefore, mastering effective chemical weed management techniques is crucial for successful soybean cultivation. **Pre-emergence Weed Control Techniques** 1. For fields dominated by grassy weeds, apply 50% acetochlor EC at 100–150 ml or 33% pendimethalin EC at 150–200 ml within three days of sowing. Mix with 50–80 kg of water and spray directly onto the soil surface. In dry conditions, increase the water volume or lightly incorporate the herbicide into the top 2 cm of soil. 2. For fields with a high presence of broadleaf weeds like purslane and common mallow, apply 50% acetochlor EC (100 ml) combined with 24% oxyfluorfen emulsion (10–15 ml). Adjust the dosage based on soil type: use lower rates on sandy or low-organic-matter soils, and higher rates on heavier or more fertile soils. It’s important to note that soybean seedlings may show temporary symptoms such as leaf shrinkage if exposed to excessive moisture, cold temperatures, or high herbicide concentrations. However, once the temperature rises and the plant develops three true leaves, recovery is usually quick and does not affect final yield. **Post-emergence Weed Control Techniques** 1. When grassy weeds are in the early seedling stage, apply 5% quizalofop-pyroxim emulsion at 50–70 ml or 10.8% flufenacet EC at 20–40 ml per 30 liters of water. 2. For broadleaf weeds, use 10% ethofumesate EC at 10–30 ml mixed with 30 liters of water when weeds are still small. 3. In mixed infestations of grasses and broadleaves, apply 7.5% carfentrazone-ethyl (registered as 802.4 ml by the Ministry of Agriculture) or combine 5% quizalofop-ethyl EC (50–75 ml) with 25% acifluorfen (50 ml) in 30 liters of water. The exact dosage should be adjusted based on weed density and environmental conditions. Higher doses may be needed for larger or more resistant weed species. Additionally, it's critical to apply diphenyl ether herbicides when soybeans have 2–4 compound leaves to avoid phytotoxicity caused by improper timing. Always follow label instructions and consider local conditions for optimal results.

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