1. Soil Preparation and Fertilization: Select sandy loam or loamy fields with loose soil, good aeration, and moderate fertility. Apply fertilizers at the end of May and beginning of June. Use 10-15 kg of urea or 20-25 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu, along with 5-10 kg of potassium chloride. This ensures proper nutrient supply for healthy plant growth.
2. Seed Treatment: Soak seeds 1-2 days before sowing to prevent diseases like black spot and stem blight. Immerse the seeds in warm water at 50-55°C for 15 minutes, then cool them and air dry before planting. Sow approximately 0.5 kg of seeds per mu to ensure optimal plant density.
3. Seedling Thinning and Transplanting: Begin transplanting seedlings when they have developed 2-3 pairs of true leaves. Space them about 15-20 cm apart, thin out weak plants, and keep 8,000 to 10,000 strong seedlings per mu. This promotes better growth and reduces competition among plants.
4. Timely Pinching: After the initial flowering period, pinch off the main stem and the top of each branch by about 1 cm, ideally within 10-20 days. This practice encourages more lateral branches and increases overall yield.
5. Disease Prevention and Control: Once black sesame sprouts appear and the stalks start growing rapidly, apply a 50% puerarin solution diluted 800-1000 times. Spray every 5-7 days for 2-3 applications. This helps control black spot, leaf blight, and stem blight effectively.
6. Timely Harvesting: Sesame maturity is often uneven. Harvesting too early may result in underdeveloped upper seeds, while harvesting too late can cause lower seeds to fall off. It's best to harvest during the last half of the flowering period, or about five days after pinching. Allow harvested plants to dry for a few days before threshing to ensure full seed maturity and reduce losses.
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