One, Use a Clever Ventilation Strategy
In June, the temperature inside greenhouses and sheds becomes extremely high, making it unsuitable for vegetable growth. To help plants adapt gradually, management should start by opening the side vents first, then the top vents, and finally the end vents, increasing the airflow slowly from small to large. It's important not to keep the greenhouse completely sealed all day. This gradual acclimation helps vegetables adjust to external conditions, which can extend their growing season and boost yields. When properly managed, greenhouse vegetables grow more vigorously and produce higher yields.Two, Lower the Temperature
Using shade nets in greenhouses and arch sheds can reduce internal temperatures by approximately 10°C while also cutting down on virus diseases by over 50%. Typically, about 600 square meters of shade net is needed per mu (approx. 667 square meters), with an investment of around 500 yuan. This method can increase production by 30% to 50%, resulting in additional income of roughly 2,000 yuan per mu.Three, Prevent Pest Infestations
When greenhouses and arch sheds are left fully enclosed, disease outbreaks are common, and pests like aphids, whiteflies, and bollworms can easily enter, greatly affecting vegetable growth. To prevent this, installing insect-proof nets at the air vents is highly effective. These nets can block various pests, including aphids, thrips, bollworms, and even some virus-carrying insects. For each mu of land, about 300 square meters of insect-proof net is required, costing around 300 yuan, but the results are well worth the investment.Four, Reduce Watering Frequency
Currently, open-season vegetables are in the seedling stage, and the main focus is on timely cultivation and controlled watering. Farmers should cultivate the soil 3 to 4 times, starting from deeper to shallower and from closer to farther areas, which helps promote strong root development and maintain a balance between reproductive and vegetative growth. During this phase, watering should be limited. After about 20 to 25 days, the first watering should be done using furrows, followed by a top watering to ensure proper moisture levels for healthy plant development.Overall, these four practices—gradual ventilation, temperature control, pest prevention, and careful watering—can significantly improve the health and productivity of greenhouse crops. By implementing these strategies, farmers can ensure better yields and more sustainable agricultural practices.
(Word count: 520)The utilization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in agriculture is continuously increasing as it offers an effective tool to replace the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and other harmful supplements (Ansari et al., 2017, Ansari and Mahmood, 2019a). Growth promoting substances are produced in huge quantities by the action of these rhizosphere microorganisms that directly or indirectly influence the overall morphology and physiology of the crops. Recent advances in the field of sustainable development relies on the use and diversity of PGPR, their colonizing capability and the mechanism of action that may be used to facilitate their application as a dependable element in the management of sustainable agricultural system.
Azotobacter is a group of Gram negative, free-living, nitrogen fixing aerobic bacteria inhabiting in the soil. They are oval or spherical in shape and form thick-walled cysts (dormant cells resistant to deleterious conditions) under unfavorable environmental conditions. Around six species in the genus Azotobacter have been reported, some of which are motile by means of peritrichous flagella while others are immotile . They are typically polymorphic having size ranging from 2 to 10 µm long and 1 to 2 µm wide. The genus Azotobacter was recognized in 1901 by Dutch microbiologist, botanist and founder of environmental microbiology-Beijerinck and his co-workers as the first aerobic free-living nitrogen fixer. These bacteria are known to exploit atmospheric nitrogen for their cellular protein synthesis which is mineralized in the soil, imparting the crop plants a considerable part of nitrogen available from the soil source. Azotobacter spp. is sensitive to acidic pH, high salt concentration and temperature . They pose advantageous impacts on the crop growth and yield through the biosynthesis of biologically active substances, instigation of rhizospheric microbes, production of phytopathogenic inhibitors, alteration of nutrient uptake and eventually magnifying the biological nitrogen fixation . Research on Azotobacter chroococcum in crop production has shown its importance in improving plant nutrition and amelioration of soil fertility . Several strains of Azotobacter are found to be able to produce amino acids when grown in culture media supplemented with various carbon and nitrogen sources . Such substances produced by these rhizobacteria are implicated in several processes thus leading to plant-grown promotion . The scope of utilizing Azotobacter chroococcum in research experiments as microbial inoculant through release of growth substances and their impact on the plant has markedly improved crop production in agriculture.
Azotobacter vinelandii
Biodep Biotechnology Co. ,Ltd. , https://www.biodep.com