The cultivation of greenhouse strawberries is not only relatively easy but also offers high economic returns, making it a popular choice among farmers across the country. With rapid development in this sector, we have compiled practical and high-yield cultivation techniques based on years of experience to help growers achieve better results.
**I. Variety Selection**
Choosing the right variety is crucial for successful strawberry farming. One highly recommended variety is **Baozao Zaosheng**, which stands out for its tender flesh, intense sweetness, and excellent overall quality. This variety has a strong market presence, often commanding a higher price than other types. Additionally, it has shallow dormancy, making it ideal for greenhouse cultivation aimed at early market sales.
**II. Greenhouse Cultivation Process**
1. **Nursery Preparation**
In early April, mother plants are planted using stem cuttings from the previous year. Approximately 700–800 plants per acre are planted. Each female plant can produce 70–80 healthy seedlings. The criteria for selecting strong seedlings include roots thicker than 1 cm, a length of 3–5 cm, 3–5 standard leaves, and a robust, upright growth habit.
2. **Planting Time**
The best time to plant is between early September and early October. About 25 days before planting, 5,000 kg of high-quality organic manure should be applied per acre, along with 100–150 kg of biological potash. Soil should be tilled to a depth of 30 cm, and raised beds should be created with a height of 10–15 cm and a width of 40–50 cm, spaced 15–20 cm apart. Beds should be oriented north-south to maximize sunlight exposure. A bactericidal insecticide should be used to prepare the soil for planting.
3. **Greenhouse Setup**
Greenhouses are typically built in an east-west orientation, with a length of 50–60 meters, a width of 7–8 meters, and a height of 2.5–3 meters. The canopy is usually set up about one month after the initial growth phase, and flowering begins one month later. Fruits typically ripen within a one-month period. To meet cooling needs, the temperature inside the greenhouse can be gradually increased from mid-October to mid-November.
4. **Temperature Management**
During the bud to early flowering stage, the daytime temperature should be maintained between 20°C and 30°C. During the harvest period, the temperature should remain above 8°C. Proper ventilation is essential during the day, and if outdoor temperatures are too low, top vents should be opened instead of bottom ones to avoid cold stress.
5. **Flowering Management**
The optimal temperature during the day for flowering is 20°C–25°C, with nighttime temperatures around 5°C–6°C. The minimum temperature should not drop below 3°C. Humidity should be kept between 50% and 60%, and if it becomes too high, timely ventilation is necessary. No watering or fertilization should occur during the flowering period to prevent damage. Bees should be introduced for pollination to ensure good fruit set.
In addition to these steps, regular watering, proper fertilization, and effective disease and pest control are essential to ensure the healthy and productive growth of strawberries. By following these techniques, farmers can significantly improve their yields and profitability in greenhouse strawberry cultivation.
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