Nutritional physiology of edible fungi

As with other organisms, edible fungi need to take certain nutrients. Heterotrophic organisms cannot synthesize nutrients themselves, but instead absorb soluble nutrients from the surrounding matrix through the penetration of mycelial cell surfaces. Different types of edible fungi have different ways of ingesting nutrients, which can generally be divided into three types: saprophytic, symbiotic, and parasitic.

(a) Types of rot The majority of edible fungi belong to this class. They use the rot to live their lives as a way to absorb nutrients from the plant bodies that are being decomposed or have died, as well as non-viable organisms. They can be divided into three ecological groups: wood-type, soil-type, and manure-type. Wood-producing edible mushrooms grow mainly on standing trees, fallen trees, stumps and breaking skills. The indigenous edible fungi grow in specific sites such as forest decayed litter layers, pastures, grasslands, and fertile fields. Manure-type edible fungi grow on composted compost, manure, and rotten haystacks or organic waste. At present, most of the commercial cultivation of mushrooms are saprophytic fungi, but in actual production, suitable culture materials are selected according to their nutritional physiology.

(b) Symbiotic type This type of edible mushroom cannot grow on dead wood alone. The nutrients they need must be supplied by plants such as live pine trees. Because plants and these edible fungi are beneficial to one another in terms of nutrition, they are called symbiotic bacteria. For example, mycorrhizal fungi are representatives of fungi and higher plants, and most forest mushrooms are such mycorrhizal fungi. In edible fungi, many species can form an interdependent symbiotic relationship with higher plants, insects, protozoa or other fungi. Mushroom hyphae can form a pseudo-pigmentation around the root hairs of trees, known as ectomycorrhizae, and some hyphae can extend up to 50 centimeters from the forest. It can help trees absorb water and nutrients in the soil and can Secrete hormones, stimulate the growth of plant roots; trees can provide photosynthetic synthesized carbohydrates for mycorrhizal bacteria. Many species of the truffles, the boletus, the mushroom family, the rudescent family, and the geese breeding families are mycorrhizal fungi. They often form a symbiotic relationship with certain tree species. France inoculated with black sporicidal fungus in the oak forest, Japan inoculated pine mushroom in the Japanese pine forest. In the tropics and subtropics there are nearly a hundred kinds of ants able to cultivate mushrooms, which is a natural phenomenon of insects and fungi symbiotic. The chicken fungus in our country is a fungus that symbiotic with termites. There is also a symbiotic phenomenon between higher fungi. The fruiting body of gold ear is a complex composed of gold ear and coarse wool hard leather, and the white fungus and algite carbon cluster are symbiotic.

(3) Parasitic types This type of edible fungus is completely parasitized by living host hosts and draws nutrients from living host cells. The type of parasite life in these camps is very rare. Most of them are facultative parasitism types, that is, they have both types. They can grow on dead branches, grasses and parasites on living plants. Such as Armillaria mellea, it can not only grow like dead mushrooms on dead wood, but also can invade into the roots of plants such as gastrodin and parasite life. For many years, porcellia and laminar bacteria are parasitic fungi; they can cause white rot of trees. Although the nutritional physiology of edible fungi is different, in the final analysis, they are all derived from the substrate as nutrients such as carbon sources, nitrogen sources, inorganic salts, and vitamins.