Sika deer, also known as spotted deer, are primarily raised for their velvet antlers. Through long-term artificial breeding, several high-quality strains have been developed, including the Shuangyang sika deer, Xifeng sika deer, and Changbaishan sika deer. These breeds are well-suited for commercial farming due to their superior traits in growth, reproduction, and antler production. The Shuangyang sika deer is one of the most popular breeds, developed from native populations. It is known for its early maturity and high productivity. Adult males stand 101–111 cm tall, with a body length of 103–113 cm and a weight of around 130 kg. Their antlers are wide, deep, and of high quality, with an average fresh antler weight of over 2.9 kg for 1–10-year-old males. About 58.2% of these males produce antlers weighing 3 kg or more. The breeding survival rate for does is as high as 82%, and newborns weigh between 5.62–5.76 kg. This breed is genetically stable and highly valued for breeding purposes. The Changbaishan sika deer, developed from the Fusong-type sika deer, is another important variety. Known for its calm temperament and long lifespan, adult males reach a height of 95–117 cm, a body length of 95–115 cm, and a weight of about 134 kg. Their antlers are well-developed, with an average fresh weight of 3.16 kg for 1–15-year-old males. Around 57.3% of them produce antlers weighing 3 kg or more. The breeding survival rate is 80%, and newborns typically weigh between 5.2–6.2 kg. The Xifeng sika deer is another artificially cultivated strain, characterized by early maturation and stable genetic traits. Males measure 98–108 cm in height, 102–109 cm in length, and weigh 110–130 kg. They have a compact build with round chests and bellies, and their antlers are of high quality. On average, 1–10-year-old males produce 3.06 kg of fresh velvet, with 70.9% reaching 3 kg. The breeding survival rate ranges from 70–80%, and newborns weigh 5.8–6.1 kg. In addition to sika deer, red deer (Cervus elaphus) and sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) are also commonly raised. Red deer are larger, weighing 160–300 kg, with a height of 1.2–1.4 meters. They have a straight back, large ears, and long necks. Their winter coat is thick and gray-brown, with a dark stripe running along the back. Both males and females have distinct markings, and only males grow antlers. Sambar deer, often called "mountain cow," are found mainly in southern China. They are slightly smaller than red deer, weighing 150–200 kg, with a stocky build and long legs. Their coat is stiff on the back and soft on the belly, with a distinctive dark stripe along the spine. Male sambars have antlers that grow outward and form a "U" shape, while females do not. Their antlers are dense at the base and feature a unique structure with multiple branches. These deer species play a significant role in both traditional and modern agriculture, offering valuable products such as antlers, meat, and hides. Their breeding and management require careful attention to genetics, nutrition, and environmental conditions to ensure optimal performance and sustainability.

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