In order to ensure the successful cultivation of eucalyptus, careful planning and attention to detail are essential. First, selecting the right location is crucial. A deep sandy loam soil that is slightly shaded and sheltered, such as a rice paddy field, makes an ideal nursery. After winter plowing, the soil should be lightly tilled and exposed to sunlight to improve its structure. Before sowing, it's recommended to perform three plows in early winter and two plows in early spring. For base fertilizer, apply 1.5 to 2 tons of manure per acre or 25 to 50 kilograms of cake fertilizer to enrich the soil.
Next, timing the sowing is important. Eucalyptus planting should take place during the "rain" to "convulsions" period, which typically refers to the transition between seasons when the weather is stable and moist. This helps ensure better germination and growth.
Before sowing, seeds should be disinfected to prevent diseases. Soak the seeds in a 0.2‰ potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours. Since eucalyptus seeds have a long germination period, they usually start sprouting 40 to 50 days after sowing and can continue for up to 50 to 60 days, resulting in uniform emergence. To enhance germination rates, soak the seeds in warm water at 50°C for 3 to 4 times, which helps stimulate faster and more consistent germination.
For soil preparation, create shallow furrows with a row spacing of 20 to 25 cm. Sow approximately 10 to 12.5 kg of seeds per acre. After sowing, cover the seeds with a layer of humus or ash, about 1.5 cm thick, and then lay straw on top to retain moisture and protect the young seedlings.
In terms of management, once the seedlings emerge, thinning should begin when they have 3 to 5 true leaves. Aim for 15 to 20 seedlings per square meter, which translates to about 20,000 to 30,000 seedlings per acre. Banyan trees, like eucalyptus, tend to develop long taproots with few lateral roots, which can affect transplant success. To encourage lateral root development, use a sharp iron spatula to cut diagonally (at a 45-degree angle) on both sides of the seedling, about 5 to 6 cm deep, to sever the main root. Then, water the seedlings thoroughly to promote healthy lateral root growth.
From May to June, seedlings experience their peak growth phase. Applying a balanced, quick-acting fertilizer during this time can significantly boost their growth rate. When the seedlings reach a height of 50 to 70 cm, they are ready for transplanting, ideally during the winter or spring rains when conditions are favorable for establishment.
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