Solanum nigrum L., commonly known as black nightshade, is an annual herb belonging to the Solanaceae family. It is also referred to by several other names, including wild grape and Tianbao bean. This plant is widely distributed across the country and is a common weed that affects various crops such as cotton, beans, potatoes, melons, and vegetables. ![Image of Solanum nigrum](#) Morphologically, the seedlings of Solanum nigrum are hairless. The cotyledons are broad and lance-shaped, while the first true leaves are broadly ovate. The stems are upright, branching, and hairless, typically reaching heights between 30 to 100 cm. The leaves are alternate, long-stalked, and have ovate-shaped blades that may be entire or irregularly undulate-toothed. Both surfaces of the leaves can be smooth or sparsely hairy. The inflorescence is an umbel-like cyme with short beak-like tips, growing axillary and exogenous, containing 4 to 10 flowers. The white corolla has pendulous pedicels, and the calyx is cup-shaped with five ovate-triangular lobes. There are five stamens, which emerge from the mouth of the corolla. The fruit is a spherical berry that turns black when mature. The seeds are flat and nearly ovate in shape. Ecologically, Solanum nigrum thrives in farmland and wastelands. It prefers fertile soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH. It germinates from May to June, blooms from July to August, and reaches maturity between August and October. The seeds can remain dormant in the soil and germinate after rainfall, allowing the plant to spread easily. This adaptability makes it a persistent weed in agricultural areas. Its rapid growth and high seed production contribute to its invasive nature, making it a challenge for farmers to control.

Ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate

Ademetionine 1,4-butanedisulfonate, liver cirrhosis, intrahepatic cholestasis

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