Mushrooms have a long fruiting period, spanning three seasons: autumn, winter, and spring, which typically lasts around 10 months. Inoculation is usually done between August and September, with the second round of cultivation taking place from November to December. Mushrooms grown before December are referred to as autumn mushrooms. Cultivating mushrooms in bags during autumn requires careful management, and several key techniques must be followed.
Indoor cultivation begins after inoculation, with the mushrooms needing over 60 days to mature. Once inoculated, the bags should be moved into a dedicated fungus room for controlled growth. The bags are arranged in "well" formations, stacked 8-9 layers high, with the room temperature maintained at 25°C and humidity kept below 70%. For the first 1-6 days, the mycelium is in recovery and germination, so the temperature should be raised to 28-30°C. During this time, the bags should not be turned or ventilated, and the area should remain dark to encourage proper development.
By day 7-10, the mycelium starts growing actively, and the temperature should be lowered to 26-28°C. At this stage, ventilation should occur 2-3 times daily, and the first turning of the bags should take place on day 7. When turning, each bag should be flipped and repositioned to ensure even conditions. Handle the bags gently to avoid damaging the seals, which could lead to contamination. Regular checks should be made for any signs of infection. If small spots appear, a mixture of 75% alcohol (50 ml) and 25% formaldehyde (30 ml) can be injected into the affected area and sealed. If contamination occurs near the inoculation site, remove the infected part and re-inoculate. For seal contamination, apply 0.2% potassium permanganate or carbendazim to the affected area.
After 11-15 days, the mycelium becomes active, expanding to 4-6 cm. The temperature should be kept at 24°C, and ventilation should increase for the second turn. One day later, bamboo drills are used to create four slanted holes around the mycelium, allowing more oxygen in. The bag temperature should not exceed 26°C. After 50 days, the window shades are removed to promote further mycelium growth.
As the bacteria bags begin to change color, it's a sign that the mushrooms are preparing to fruit. The color shift from white to reddish-brown, accompanied by yellow water beads, indicates the formation of mushroom primordia. During this phase, increased ventilation and controlled humidity are essential. When the film is opened, a dry-wet cycle is created to support the color conversion process.
Once the bags turn reddish-brown, they are moved outdoors to shaded areas. They are covered with wheat straw mats, kept moist, and left uncovered during the day while being covered at night for about 4-5 days. This helps trigger the mushroom growth.
During mushroom management, the gradual cooling of autumn temperatures supports strong mycelium development. Mushrooms are harvested once daily, placed into mushroom bed frames, and the bags are cut open to allow the mushrooms to grow. The bags are 7-10 cm long until fully covered with mushrooms.
Flowering period management involves maintaining humidity between 80-90%, with temperatures between 12-18°C. Proper ventilation and astigmatism are crucial. If humidity is too high, dehumidify first, then remove the film for an hour before re-covering. If it's too dry, add water and cover to raise the temperature to 28°C. If the film becomes damp, open windows and use a stove to reduce moisture.
Temperature control is also important. By creating a temperature difference—keeping the film on during the day to warm up to 28°C and removing it in the evening to let cold air in—mushroom buds can be stimulated to form. A temperature difference of 10°C or more over 3-4 days encourages large-scale bud development.
Wet-dry cycles also play a role. When the temperature rises and buds start to grow, misting the surface during sunny midday hours can speed up fruiting body growth. Then, open the film at night to let cold air in, dry the cap, and re-cover. Using ground temperature and alternating wet and dry conditions helps the cap split and form the desired flower-shaped mushrooms.
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