Fish farming practices have shown that even the hardiest fish species can carry pathogens. As a result, using unsterilized fish seed can introduce harmful microorganisms into a new environment. Under favorable conditions, these pathogens can multiply and lead to fish diseases. To prevent this, it's essential to disinfect fish before they are stocked in fry, fingerling stages, or ponds. This helps break the chain of infection and significantly reduces the risk of disease outbreaks. One common method of disinfection is the liquid immersion technique, also known as a medicinal bath. Several disinfectants are widely used for this purpose, including bleaching powder, copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, trichlorfon, salt, and malachite green. Each has specific applications and recommended dosages depending on the type of pathogen being targeted. 1. **Bleaching Powder Disinfection**: Use 10 to 20 grams of bleaching powder per cubic meter of water (containing 30% available chlorine). Mix well and immerse the fish. The duration depends on water temperature and fish behavior—typically 15 to 30 minutes at 10–20°C. This method is effective against bacterial skin infections and certain types of fish rickets. 2. **Copper Sulfate Disinfection**: Apply 8 grams of copper sulfate per cubic meter of water. At 10–20°C, the immersion time should be 15 to 30 minutes. It is useful for preventing diseases caused by parasites such as tilapia whipworms, oral filariasis, trichodina, and various worms. 3. **Combined Bleaching Powder and Copper Sulfate**: Mix 10 grams of bleaching powder with 8 grams of copper sulfate per cubic meter of water. Dissolve both separately before combining. Immerse fish for 15 to 30 minutes at 10–20°C. This combination offers the benefits of both treatments. 4. **Potassium Permanganate Disinfection**: Use 20 grams per cubic meter of water. Keep the water temperature between 10–20°C and immerse fish for 2 to 2.5 hours. It’s important to use clean water with low organic content and avoid direct sunlight to maintain effectiveness. This method targets diseases caused by crustaceans, ringworms, trichodina, and other parasites. 5. **Trichlorfon Disinfection**: Prepare a solution of dipex (90% crystal) and immerse the fish for 10 to 15 minutes. This is particularly effective against finger ringworm and third-stage worm infestations. 6. **Salt Disinfection**: Soak fish in a 3–4% saltwater solution for 5 minutes. Salt is effective against myxobacteria, water mold, and trichodina. 7. **Malachite Green Disinfection**: Use 10 grams of malachite green per cubic meter of water and immerse fish for 20 to 30 minutes. This treatment is mainly used for controlling fungal infections and some protozoan diseases. The choice of disinfectant depends on local disease prevalence and the availability of drugs. Longer immersion times can improve pathogen elimination, but excessive exposure may reduce dissolved oxygen levels, leading to fish stress or death. Therefore, it’s crucial to monitor fish behavior during the process. If signs of distress appear, the fish should be quickly returned to the pond to ensure their safety. Always follow proper guidelines and adjust procedures based on the species and environmental conditions.

Premix

The main differences between powder,premixed agent, granule are as follows:

Veterinary Soluble Powder: means a dry powder preparation made of one or more drugs by grinding and evenly mixing, with or without dressing.

Premix: refers to one or more drugs, and a suitable substrate evenly mixed to make a powder or granular preparation.

As a dosage form of feed drug additive, it is specially used for mixed feeding.

Powder powder, that is, powder, and premixed agent, the main differences of granules are as follows:

1.the production method is different

1.powder: medicine or with appropriate auxiliary materials by grinding, evenly mixed dry powder preparation.

2.Veterianary premix: powder or granular preparation made by evenly mixing the drug with an appropriate substrate.

3.granules: raw materials and appropriate excipients mixed into a certain particle size of dry granular preparation.

2.different characteristics

1. Dispersing agent: compared with other solid dosage forms, dispersing agent is easy to disperse, dissolves quickly, absorbs quickly and takes effect quickly; The preparation process is simple, the dosage is easy to control, and it is easy for infants to take.

2.Premix for animal: Premix used in the matrix including carrier, diluent, etc. The substrate should be stable, with good fluidity, and easy to mix with drugs and feed.

3. Granule: the dispersion, adhesion, agglomeration and hygroscopicity of granule are lower than that of granule; The separation of various components in granule is avoided because of the adhesive used to make granule after mixing. Convenient storage and transportation; Particles can change their function by coating.

Veterinary drug premix,Premix for animal,Veterinary premix,Poultry premix feed

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