Cobia, also known as sea trout, is a tropical fish species found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, except for the eastern Pacific. Major fishing countries include Pakistan, the Philippines, and Mexico, while China's coastal areas also host this species, though with lower production levels. As a carnivorous fish, cobia has tender and delicious meat, making it an excellent choice for raw fish dishes. It is easy to domesticate, can be fed artificial feed, and grows quickly—reaching 6–8 kg in one year. Due to these characteristics, cobia is considered one of the most promising species for sea cage farming. **Biological Characteristics** 1. **Diet**: In the wild, smaller cobia primarily eat shrimp, crabs, and cephalopods, which make up about 80% of their diet. Larger individuals (over 1 meter) mainly consume fish. Under captivity, they adapt well to artificial feed. 2. **Temperature Requirements**: Cobia is a warm-water species and sensitive to cold. Embryonic development occurs best between 24°C and 31°C. At 20–21°C, feeding declines significantly, and at 19°C or below, they stop eating. At 16°C, they begin to die. Optimal feeding happens between 22°C and 34°C, but at 36°C, even though they still eat, mortality increases. 3. **Salinity Tolerance**: Cobia can tolerate a wide range of salinities, from 4‰ to 35‰. When salinity rises above 40‰, feeding decreases by half, and at 47‰, they start dying. Lowering salinity from 30‰ to 5‰ doesn't kill them immediately, but at 3‰, they stop feeding and die. Maintaining salinity around 10‰ is ideal for farming. 4. **Oxygen Consumption**: Oxygen needs vary with size and temperature. A 0.5g fry at 30°C consumes 1.08 mg O₂/g/h, with lethal oxygen levels at 1.7 mg/L. At 28°C, consumption drops to 0.86 mg O₂/g/h, and lethal levels are 1.5 mg/L. Higher temperatures increase oxygen demand. 5. **Reproductive Habits**: Cobia reaches sexual maturity at different ages depending on location. In Zhanjiang, males mature at 2 years old when weighing over 7 kg, females at 8 kg. Females have more eggs per kilogram of body weight. Spawning typically occurs between April and October in the Gulf of Mexico, and from late February to May in southern Taiwan. Artificial breeding has been successful, with hatcheries producing thousands of fry annually. **Artificial Breeding and Larval Rearing** Artificial spawning involves injecting hormones like LRH-A2, HCG, or DOM into broodstock. Eggs are slightly yellow, oval, and floating, hatching within 24–30 hours depending on water temperature. Newly hatched larvae are about 3.5 mm long, with pigmentation and oil globules. They start feeding after 60–66 hours, initially on rotifers, then copepods, Artemia, and finally minced fish. Proper nutrition, especially HUFA, improves survival rates. **Rearing Techniques** Earthen ponds are also used for raising fry. The process is similar to freshwater fish rearing: clear the pond, add water, fertilize, and promote natural food growth. Feeding must align with peak food availability to avoid competition. Regular screening ensures uniform growth, and once fry reach 7 cm, they are moved to sea cages for further development.

Citizen Blood Pressure Monitor

Blood pressure Monitor Sale,Smart Blood Pressure Monitor,Blood Pressure Monitor Upper Arm Talking,Blood Pressure Monitor Upper Arm Automatic,Blood Pressure Monitor Use

Shenzhen Urion Technology Co., Ltd. , https://www.urionhealth.com