1. Severe pruning and shaping are essential for maintaining the health and productivity of litchi trees. When reducing the canopy, it should be reshaped into an umbrella-like structure with a height of 2 to 2.5 meters. A spacing of approximately 1 meter between crowns is recommended. The remaining branches should be strong, well-distributed, and evenly spread around the tree, avoiding overbearing or conflicting branches, overlapping ones, inner growth, and diseased parts. These unnecessary branches should all be removed. This task should be completed by April to ensure that the new shoots have at least five months of growth before the end of the year, allowing them to develop four-leaf foliage, which is crucial for good flowering.
2. Effective water and fertilizer management plays a key role in promoting new shoot development. After crown reduction, apply 0.4 to 0.6 kg of urea per tree, along with suitable amounts of phosphate and potash fertilizers. In the following months, organic fertilizers should be the main source, with additional chemical fertilizers applied based on the tree's growth condition. Water shortage during winter and spring is one of the major causes of low and unstable litchi yields. Where possible, artificial irrigation should be used. For areas without irrigation facilities, trench digging can be used to store water. Trenches should be dug along the inner side of the hillline or between trees, measuring about 1.5m long, 0.5m wide, and 0.4m deep. Each plant should have its own trench filled with green waste, covered with thin soil, and mixed with 0.5kg of calcium phosphate to speed up decomposition. This water conservation work should be done from August to September to maximize water retention.
3. Timely bud wiping and protective spraying are important for managing new growth. Every bud should be wiped regularly, leaving only 2 to 3 buds on each branch. If no branching occurs, the tip should be cut back to encourage lateral growth. All mango trees should be sprayed with a mixture of pesticides 2 to 3 times, as pests and diseases are common in mature orchards. The first spray should occur when new shoots reach 5 to 10 cm in length, followed by a second spray after 10 days. If the leaves are still not stable two weeks later, a third spray is needed. Pesticides such as Acephate, Monocrotophos, BaoShiDe, and BaoDe can be used for effective control.
4. Artificial flowering techniques help regulate the blooming cycle of litchi trees. One method involves applying Paclobutrazol to the soil. Apply 1 gram of active ingredient per meter of canopy diameter. Dig a shallow trench inside the drip line, about 15 cm wide and 10 cm deep, then apply 3 liters of water per tree, followed by covering the soil. If dry weather follows, keep the soil moist for at least half a month. This should be done from late August to September, not too early. Another approach is to spray 2000–2500 ppm of paclobutrazol on the leaves every 10 days for three applications in October. Additionally, foliar sprays of 4%–5% potassium nitrate can be applied every seven days, for three to four times during the same period. These methods effectively stimulate flowering and improve fruit set.
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