Cobia, also known as sea trout, is a tropical fish found in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans (excluding the eastern Pacific). Major fishing countries include Pakistan, the Philippines, and Mexico, while China's coastal regions also have some populations, though with lower production. As a carnivorous species, cobia has delicious meat and is ideal for raw fish fillets. It is easy to domesticate and can be fed artificial feed, growing quickly—reaching 6 to 8 kg in one year. This makes it highly promising for sea cage farming. **Biological Characteristics** 1. **Diet**: In the wild, juvenile cobia primarily feed on shrimp, crabs, and cephalopods, which make up about 80% of their diet. As they grow, especially when over 1 meter long, fish becomes the main food source. Under captive conditions, cobia can be fully adapted to commercial pellet feeds. 2. **Temperature Requirements**: Cobia thrives in warm waters. Embryonic development occurs best between 24°C and 31°C. For young fish (10–15 g), temperatures below 20°C significantly reduce feeding, and at 19°C or lower, they stop eating. At 16°C, mortality begins. Feeding activity is strong between 22°C and 34°C, but at 36°C, although they still eat, death rates increase. 3. **Salinity Tolerance**: Cobia is a euryhaline species, tolerating salinities from 4‰ to 35‰. When salinity rises beyond 35‰, feeding decreases, and at 47‰, death occurs. Lowering salinity to 5‰ does not immediately kill them, but at 3‰, feeding stops, and death begins. Maintaining a salinity of at least 10‰ is recommended for farming. 4. **Oxygen Consumption**: Oxygen demand increases with temperature and fish size. For 0.5g fry at 30°C, oxygen consumption is 1.08 mg/g·h, with lethal levels at 1.7 mg/L. At 28°C, consumption drops to 0.86 mg/g·h, with a lethal level of 1.5 mg/L. 5. **Reproductive Habits**: Female cobia develop more pronounced body stripes and a swollen abdomen during spawning, while males show fewer or no stripes. Maturity occurs around 2 years old, with females reaching 8 kg and males 7 kg. Spawning occurs between April and October in the U.S. Gulf Coast, and from February to May in southern Taiwan. Artificial breeding has been successful, with hatcheries producing thousands of fry annually. **Breeding Process** Artificial spawning uses hormones like LRH-A2, HCG, and DOM. Eggs are fertilized and hatch within 24–30 hours depending on water temperature. Newly hatched larvae are small, around 3.5 mm, and require specific diets like rotifers, copepods, and Artemia. Feeding transitions gradually, ensuring proper nutrition and survival. After 18 days, fish reach about 4.3 cm and are transferred to seawater cages for further growth. Earthen ponds are also used for fry rearing, following methods similar to freshwater systems. Proper timing of feed availability is crucial to prevent competition and ensure high survival rates.

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