Goldfish, also known as Baiyunshan Fish, Tang Fish, Redtail Fish, and Caijinfish, is a popular ornamental fish native to Guangdong Province in China. This small fish typically measures between 3 to 4 centimeters in length and has a streamlined, slightly flattened body with a small head, large eyes, and a rounded mouth. Its back is tea-brown with a slight blue tint, while the belly is silvery white. The dorsal and caudal fins are bright red, and the pelvic fins have yellow tips, giving the fish an eye-catching appearance. A distinctive golden-yellow stripe runs along the lateral line from the snout to the tail, and there's an additional golden spot on its body, which is why it's called "goldfish."
Known for its small size and vibrant colors, especially during its juvenile stage, the goldfish is often referred to as the "race lotus lamp" in foreign countries due to its beauty and elegance. It is a peaceful and easy-to-care-for fish, making it ideal for beginners. Goldfish can adapt to a wide range of water conditions but prefers slightly acidic or neutral soft water. The optimal temperature range is between 20°C and 25°C, though they can survive in water as cold as 5°C.
Although goldfish are omnivorous, they tend to favor animal-based food. To maintain their health, it's important to provide a balanced diet and keep live plants in the tank to help regulate light and water quality. They can be successfully kept with other tropical fish in a community aquarium.
When distinguishing between male and female goldfish, several physical traits can be observed. Males are generally smaller than females, but they have larger dorsal and anal fins and exhibit deeper, brighter coloration. Female goldfish tend to have more swollen bodies, especially around the abdomen, which appears slightly paler.
For breeding, a pH level of 6.5 to 7.5 and water hardness of 6 to 8 are ideal. The water temperature should be around 24°C. A gravel or pebble substrate with plenty of aquatic plants like Foxtail algae and gold grass is recommended. Goldfish prefer to spawn under sunlight, so the breeding tank should be placed in a well-lit area.
During breeding, you can either pair individual fish or use group breeding methods. Each female can lay between 150 to 300 eggs at a time. After spawning, the parent fish should be removed to prevent them from eating the eggs. Within 1 to 2 days, the fertilized eggs will hatch into larvae, and by day three, the fry will start swimming. Initially, they should be fed "drip water" before gradually introducing small live foods after about 10 days.
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