Watermelon cultivation requires careful attention to fertilization practices, as improper application can significantly affect plant growth and fruit quality. One common mistake is the overuse of nitrogen-rich fertilizers in a single dose. Excessive nitrogen can cause excessive vegetative growth, leading to weak flowering and poor fruit development. Before the fruit sets, potassium uptake increases, while during the fruiting stage, nitrogen and potassium are absorbed in roughly equal amounts. However, during the ripening phase, potassium absorption decreases, and phosphorus uptake becomes more prominent. The ideal N:P:K ratio varies at different growth stages: 3.8:1:2.8 for seedlings, 3.6:1:1.7 for vines, and 3.5:1:4.6 for the fruiting stage. Another critical error is using chlorine-containing fertilizers, such as ammonium chloride or potassium chloride. Since watermelons are sensitive to chlorine, this can negatively impact sugar accumulation, resulting in a less flavorful fruit. Additionally, applying too much human urine or organic waste can lead to leggy plants, making it harder for the plant to set fruit. It may also result in thick-skinned, sour-tasting watermelons. When top-dressing, it's important to apply fertilizer below the soil surface rather than on the surface. Nitrogen, in particular, can easily volatilize if left exposed, causing leaf damage and reducing fertilizer efficiency. Fertilizing during rainy weather should also be avoided, as high humidity and wet soil can lead to nutrient runoff and excessive vegetative growth. Fertilizer placement is another key factor. It should be applied about 10 centimeters away from the main roots to avoid root burn and stunted growth. Finally, during dry conditions, applying chemical fertilizers can cause physiological drought in the plant, as the soil solution may draw moisture out of the root cells, leading to wilting and stress. Proper fertilization techniques are essential for healthy watermelon growth and high-quality fruit production. By avoiding these common mistakes, growers can ensure better yields and improved fruit flavor.

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