Cyclamen persicum is a perennial herb belonging to the genus Cyclamen, not Cymbidium. It features a round, fleshy tuber with large, heart-shaped leaves that grow from the top center of the tuber. These leaves are typically green with distinctive pale or light green patches. The flowers appear singly at the tip of the stems, and when in bloom, they curl upward, resembling rabbit ears. **Growth Habit** Cyclamen prefers a sunny, cool, and moist environment. It is half-hardy and can tolerate temperatures as low as 0°C. The ideal growing temperature is between 15°C and 18°C, while the temperature during dormancy should not exceed 30°C. The soil should be loose, fertile, well-draining, and slightly acidic to support healthy growth. **Propagation Methods** **2.1 Seed Propagation** In Changchun, sowing is best done between January and February. The optimal germination temperature is 18°C to 20°C. **2.1.1 Seed Preparation** Select seeds of uniform size from the current year. Soak them in fresh water at 24°C for 12 to 24 hours. After soaking, treat the seeds with carbendazim or a 0.1% copper sulfate solution for 30 minutes to prevent disease, then dry them before sowing. **2.1.2 Substrate Selection** A mix of vermiculite and peat (55:45) or vermiculite and slag (55:45) is recommended for seedling growth. **2.1.3 Sowing** Clean the seed coat and sow the seeds using either the broadcast or drill method. Plant them in pots or seed beds at a spacing of 1–2 cm, with a depth of 0.5–0.7 cm. Cover the seeds with substrate and water them thoroughly. Maintain a temperature of 18°C to 20°C for optimal germination. **2.2 Tubers Division** After the plant enters dormancy, cut the tubers into sections, ensuring each has at least one bud. Dust the cuts with wood ash or sulfur powder and allow them to dry before planting as new plants. **Cultivation Management** **3.1 Seedling Care** Roots typically develop within 14 days of sowing. Cotyledons emerge after 30–45 days. Gradually introduce light to encourage photosynthesis. When the seedlings have 4–5 true leaves, transplant them into pots with a diameter of about 10 cm. Use coarse coal cinder as a base layer (3–4 cm thick), then fill with a mix of vermiculite and coal residue. Handle the roots carefully to avoid damage and ensure the tuber remains partially exposed. Water with a nutrient solution, and after one week, apply another dose rich in potassium to strengthen the plant and improve root development. **3.2 Dormancy Management** During July and August, cyclamen naturally enters dormancy. Leaves turn yellow, and the plant stops growing. In soilless cultivation, the leaves may remain intact but stop growing. During this period, reduce watering and fertilization, keeping the substrate slightly dry. Before resuming growth, repot the plants into larger containers (15 cm in diameter). **3.3 Flowering Care** Once growth resumes, the plant will begin to flower when it reaches around 30 leaves. **3.3.1 Temperature Control** Lower temperatures promote flower bud formation. Ensure the temperature does not exceed 20°C during this stage, and maintain a day-night temperature difference of about 10°C. **3.3.2 Lighting** Cyclamen does not require special lighting conditions but benefits from long daylight hours. Providing continuous light 60–70 days before flowering can advance blooming by up to 12 days. However, avoid overexposure to prevent leaf burn. **3.3.3 Fertilization** As temperatures drop in September, resume weekly feeding with a diluted nutrient solution (0.2% concentration). Apply a foliar spray of 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 10 days. This helps balance the energy used for flowering and leaf production. A typical nutrient formula per liter includes balanced NPK and micronutrients. **3.3.4 Defloration** To extend the blooming period, remove flowers when they start to change color but before they fully open. This prevents unnecessary nutrient loss due to natural pollination. If any diseased leaves or flowers are observed, remove them immediately and apply fungicides like mancozeb or carbendazim to prevent further spread.

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