In recent years, the cultivation of hybrid cotton varieties has expanded rapidly, especially in the case of hybrid insect-resistant cotton, which now dominates the market. Compared to traditional cotton, hybrid cotton offers significant advantages in yield, typically increasing production by over 10%, and up to 15% to 20%. Hybrid insect-resistant cotton is particularly effective against pests like bollworms and pink bollworms, making it a favorite among farmers. As a result, hybrid cotton and hybrid insect-resistant cotton now cover approximately 80% of the total cotton-growing area in major producing regions, gradually replacing conventional varieties.
However, despite the widespread adoption of these high-yield varieties, some farmers have not seen the expected results. Some have even experienced lower yields. One key reason for this is improper planting techniques. For example, some farmers plant rows that are too wide or too narrow, or they use inconsistent spacing between plants. In some cases, the density per mu (about 667 square meters) ranges from as low as 1,100 to as high as 1,800 plants. When the density is too high, the cotton plants compete for light and air, leading to poor development, dropped buds, fewer fruits, and increased susceptibility to pests and diseases. On the other hand, if the density is too low, although each plant may produce more bolls, the overall yield per acre decreases.
To address these issues, it's essential to improve planting methods. The first step is to adjust the layout of the fields before planting, especially during spring when the soil is soft and easy to work with. The previous crop should also be small and manageable to allow for easier transitions. Winter conditions with less rain provide an ideal time for field preparation. After changing the layout, the soil can be loosened through plowing and left to dry in the sun, making it easier to manage. Additionally, removing weeds and pests early on helps create a healthier growing environment.
The yield structure of hybrid cotton depends on several factors: the number of plants per mu, the number of bolls per plant, the total number of bolls per acre, and the weight of the lint. Therefore, choosing the right planting method and density is crucial for achieving high yields. Currently, wide-row controlled-strain planting is considered ideal for hybrid cotton. Based on soil fertility and fertilizer inputs, the planting pattern should be adjusted accordingly. A recommended setup includes a row width of 2 to 2.4 meters (including ditches), with two rows of cotton planted at a spacing of 1 to 1.2 meters and an in-row distance of 0.45 to 0.5 meters, resulting in a density of about 1,300 plants per mu. This arrangement optimizes space usage, facilitates field operations, improves air circulation, and supports both individual and population growth of the plants, leading to a high boll count of 55,000 to 60,000 per acre and a seed cotton yield of around 300 kilograms per mu.
In addition to proper planting methods, comprehensive support measures are essential for ensuring high yields. First, irrigation systems must be improved, including the construction of drainage channels to prevent waterlogging. Second, organic manure should be applied to enrich the soil. Third, during the growing season, scientific fertilization, chemical regulation, and proper shaping of the plant are necessary to maintain a strong and healthy growth structure. Finally, effective pest and disease control strategies must be implemented. Only by combining all these elements can farmers ensure successful and consistent high yields from hybrid and insect-resistant cotton varieties.
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