Goldfish, also known as Baiyunshan Fish, Tang Fish, Redtail Fish, and Caijinfish, is a popular ornamental fish native to Guangdong Province in China. These small fish typically grow to about 3 to 4 cm in length, with a streamlined, slightly flattened body, a small head, large eyes, and rounded lips. Their back is tea-brown with a slight blue tint, while their belly is silver-white. The dorsal and caudal fins are bright red, the pelvic fins have yellow tips, and the tail is also red. Along the lateral line from the snout to the tail, there's a golden-yellow stripe, and a distinct golden spot on the body, which gives them their name—goldfish.
Known for their small size and vibrant colors, goldfish are especially striking during their juvenile stage, often earning the nickname "race lotus lamp" abroad due to their beauty. They are gentle in temperament, omnivorous in diet, and easy to care for, making them ideal for beginner aquarists. Goldfish can adapt to various water conditions but prefer soft, slightly acidic to neutral water with a temperature range of 20–25°C. They are resilient and can survive in water as cold as 5°C.
While they eat a variety of foods, goldfish particularly enjoy animal-based feeds. It's important to provide plenty of live plants in the tank and maintain proper lighting. They can be kept with other tropical fish in a community aquarium.
When distinguishing between male and female goldfish, males tend to be smaller but have larger dorsal and anal fins, and their coloration is deeper and more vivid. Females, on the other hand, have a rounder, more swollen body, and their bellies appear slightly white.
For breeding, the ideal water parameters are pH 6.5–7.5, hardness 6–8, and a temperature of around 24°C. A gravel or pebble substrate, along with aquatic plants like Foxtail algae and gold grass, creates a suitable environment. Goldfish prefer to spawn in well-lit areas, so the breeding tank should be placed where sunlight can reach it.
During spawning, you can either pair individual fish or use group breeding. Each female can lay between 150–300 eggs at a time. After fertilization, the adult fish should be removed to prevent them from eating the eggs. Within 1–2 days, the eggs will hatch into larvae, and by day 3, the fry will start swimming. Initially, they should be fed "drip water," and after about 10 days, they can begin eating other small organisms.
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