(I) Qiu Pei Technology for Broodstock and Grass Carp
1. Feeding: Autumn is an ideal season for grass carp and herring to feed more actively due to the suitable water temperature. Throughout the autumn, it's recommended to follow the "concentrate-based, fine-coarse" feeding principle. Grass carp broodstock should be fed daily with dry concentrates such as wheat and soybean cakes. Every two days, green feed should be provided once, with each portion amounting to about 20% of the fish’s body weight. Herring broodstock, on the other hand, are mainly fed snails, clams, and oysters, with supplementary bean cakes added to their diet.
2. Water Quality Management: During autumn, grass carp and herring consume more food and are more active, which can lead to rapid deterioration of water quality. Especially during hot and rainy weather, low oxygen levels may cause fish to float at the surface. To prevent this, fresh water should be regularly added to the pond to maintain good water circulation. In well-equipped ponds, aerators should be used when necessary to increase dissolved oxygen levels, improve water clarity, and support the healthy development of broodstock gonads.
3. Disease Prevention and Treatment: Grass carp and herring in autumn are prone to diseases such as enteritis, gill disease, and red skin. Prevention is key. Regular disinfection of the water using lime or strong chlorine is essential. It's also important to avoid feeding moldy feed and to disinfect green feed with bleach before offering it to the fish. If any signs of illness appear, prompt diagnosis and targeted treatment should be carried out to ensure the health of the broodstock.
(II) Qiu Pei Techniques for Breeding and Spawning
1. Fertilization: In the fall, regular application of organic fertilizer is crucial for maintaining a healthy pond environment. For main fish-rearing ponds, the recommended ratio is 70% human feces and 30% pig or cow manure. For breeding ponds, the ratio is reversed—70% pig or cow dung and 30% human waste. The frequency and quantity of fertilization should be adjusted based on factors like pond fertility, weather changes, and the activity level of the broodstock. The goal is to keep the water dark brown with a transparency of around 20 cm. When needed, powdered feed can be added to help the broodstock build up fat reserves, ensuring proper gonad development.
2. Water Quality Adjustment: Throughout autumn, it's important to continuously add fresh water to the pond to maintain its fertility and clarity. In late autumn, filling the pond with water helps sustain optimal conditions. Ponds with the means should install aerators to ensure sufficient oxygen levels and prevent suffocation due to low oxygen, especially in densely stocked areas.
3. Disease Prevention: During this time, grass carp and herring broodstock are vulnerable to parasitic infections such as anchor lice and gill flukes. These can be managed using standard anti-parasitic treatments and medications. Regular monitoring and early intervention are vital to maintaining a healthy broodstock population and ensuring successful spawning.
The greenhouse a filled with equipment like hydroponic, irrigation, auxiliary lighting ,temperature and humidity control and also may be automatically controlled by a computer to maximize potential growth.
Hydroponics can be used to make the most use of the interior space. The relatively closed environment of a greenhouse has its own unique management requirements, compared with outdoor production. Pests and diseases, and extremes of heat and humidity, have to be controlled, and irrigation is necessary to provide water. Most greenhouses use sprinklers or drip lines. Significant inputs of heat and light may be required, particularly with winter production of warm-weather vegetables.
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