After three consecutive years of trials, the Hongya County Edible Fungus Pest Control Project Group has developed and refined a comprehensive system for controlling broken, divided, and infested edible fungus pests. Below is a detailed summary of the techniques used, which may serve as a reference for other professionals in the field.
First, it is essential to thoroughly clean up the source of pest infestation before the annual production cycle begins, ideally in August. All breeding sites must be eliminated to cut off the pest population. The cleaning process includes the mushroom house, the surrounding garden, and the environment within 400 meters. In previous years, all organic waste—such as mushroom bags, straw stacks, garbage, compost, and other debris—was either burned, buried, or removed. Weeds and peat soils were also eradicated. Afterward, a solution of 80% dichlorvos (15 ml) and 18% wormkiller (5 ml) was mixed with 30 kg of water and sprayed in the afternoon. A second application was done one week later. One week after that, the mushroom house was painted with bleach and lime slurry, while the garden was treated with dry lime powder.
Second, strict zoning of operations is crucial. For each annual planting cycle, the farm should be divided into three separate chambers: inoculation, cultivation, and fruiting. These areas must be strictly separated and referred to as "zones." No more than one room should be used at a time. The inoculation and cultivation rooms should be located away from the fruiting area, preferably in an east-west orientation to maximize natural sunlight for sterilization. This helps reduce humidity, ensuring a dry, well-ventilated, and clean environment. Tools such as hooks and baskets used in inoculation should be exclusively assigned to specific zones to prevent cross-contamination.
Third, before placing high-temperature disinfected bacterial bags into the culture room, it's important to implement strict prevention measures. During the cultivation phase, the bags are highly vulnerable to insect infestations, which can lead to crop failure. Therefore, effective prevention—referred to as "defense"—is critical. To achieve this, doors and windows should be equipped with double-layered screens to minimize insect entry. One week before moving the bags into the culture room, they should be sprayed with a mixture of 3% mouse serum (10 ml) and 1.8% wormkiller (5 ml) in 20 kg of water. Throughout the cultivation period, doors and windows should be closed every three days for fumigation using mosquito killer, followed by two days of air exchange. Mushrooms should also be treated every half month with mobiran and pestilc. When spraying, avoid direct contact with the bacterial bags to prevent contamination. If insects do manage to enter the bag due to inadequate prevention, a medicine ball method can be used. This involves making a small cotton ball soaked in omethoate EC and placing it at both ends of the bag before sealing it.
Fourth, during the fruiting stage, it’s vital to closely monitor and promptly harvest the mushrooms, as the aroma released by the fruiting bodies attracts pests. Timely harvesting combined with early intervention is key to preventing pest proliferation, referred to as "harvesting." During selection and treatment, extreme care must be taken. Highly toxic pesticides are strictly prohibited, and no spraying should occur directly on the mushroom body. Additionally, pesticides that are sensitive to edible fungi must not be used to avoid phytotoxicity. Instead, low-toxicity, residue-free options like insect glycosides, kungfu chrysanthemum, and mobilong are preferred. Common formulations include 18% instar (5g) and 3% mobiron (15ml), or 25% kung fu (10ml). These can be applied via spraying or dipping. For spraying, mix 30 kg of water, and for dipping, use 60 kg of water. When spraying, pick the mushrooms first, then apply the solution. For dipping, submerge the infected bacterial bags in the prepared pesticide solution. Once fully saturated, lift them and allow excess water to drain before placing them back on the mushroom racks. This method is especially effective during late fruiting stages, as it not only replenishes moisture but also helps control pests.
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