Premature aging in rice, also known as early senescence, occurs when the stems and leaves turn yellow after heading and during the maturation stage. This condition leads to poor grain filling, low 1000-grain weight, increased empty grains, reduced yield, and overall decline in quality. It is a serious issue that affects both productivity and economic returns for farmers. The causes of premature aging are varied and often linked to poor soil conditions and improper agricultural practices. One major factor is poor soil permeability, especially in low-lying areas where waterlogging is common. Poor ventilation allows harmful reducing substances such as hydrogen sulfide, lactic acid, butyric acid, and excessive divalent iron ions to accumulate, which can damage root systems and reduce their activity. As a result, black roots or root rot may develop, further impairing plant health. Another contributing factor is inadequate plowing, particularly in hard-to-reach corners or compacted areas. If the soil is not properly tilled over time, it becomes compacted, making it difficult for roots to grow and absorb nutrients. Overly dense planting, excessive nitrogen application, and insufficient phosphorus, potassium, and microbial fertilizers can also lead to weak plants with poor nutrient uptake. Additionally, improper irrigation—such as long-term flooding or water being drained too early before harvest—can stress the plants. Saline or alkaline soils, or poorly fertile land, further hinder root development and increase the risk of premature aging. To prevent premature aging, several management strategies should be implemented. First, proper autumn plowing is essential. It helps improve soil structure, enhance permeability, and promote healthy root growth. Second, a balanced variety mix—combining early, medium, and late-maturing types—can help avoid premature aging and optimize the use of growing conditions. Promoting strong root development is another key measure. In the early stages of growth, shallow irrigation, warming the soil, and timely drainage can encourage new root formation. Applying top-dressing at the right time also supports plant development. In later stages, alternating dry and wet irrigation can regulate temperature and oxygen levels, reducing stress on the plant and preventing early aging. Soil improvement is crucial. For low-lying fields, enhancing drainage and creating better infiltration conditions can significantly improve soil quality. Adding organic manure increases organic matter, improving soil aeration and fertility. Finally, reasonable fertilization is vital. A base fertilizer rich in organic material should be applied adequately, while top-dressing should be done in small amounts at key growth stages—such as tillering, panicle development, and grain filling—to ensure the plant receives the necessary nutrients throughout its life cycle. This helps prevent fermentation and reduces the risk of premature aging.

Rib Plate

Rib Locking Plate System is suitable for the fixation of rib fractures,which includes rib locking plate,rib locking screw and rib plate.

Ribs are structures throughout the thoracic cavity that protect vital organs such as the lungs, heart, and liver.The human body has 12 symmetrical pairs of ribs.

Where did the fracture occur?

Rib fractures are more common in adults. Fractures of one or more ribs may occur, and multiple fractures of the same rib may occur. The first to third ribs are shorter, protected by the scapula, clavicle, and upper arm, and are generally less prone to injury, while the floating ribs are more elastic and less prone to fracture. Fractures usually occur in four to seven ribs.

What is the cause of the fracture?

1. Direct violence. Fractures occur where violence directly affects them. They are usually cross-sectional or comminuted. Fracture fragments are often displaced inward and easily penetrate into the lungs, causing pneumothorax and hemothorax.

2. Indirect violence, chest is squeezed back and forth, fractures often occur near the axillary midline. The end of the fracture protruded outwards, which easily punctured the skin and caused open fractures, such as collapse or improper exertion during external cardiac massage. There have also been cases of posterior rib fractures due to violent blows to the anterior chest, or anterior rib fractures due to blows to the posterior chest. Most of the fractures were oblique.

3. Mix violence and others.

What type does fracture have?

1. Simple fracture

2. Incomplete fracture: mostly crack or green branch fracture

3. Complete fracture: most of them are transverse, oblique or comminuted

4. Multiple fractures: one bone and two fractures, multiple rib fractures

5. Open fracture: mostly caused by indirect violence or firearm injury

What are the complications of sternal fracture?

1. Abnormal breathing 2. Pneumothorax 3. Hemothorax

Rib Plate,rib fracture,internal fixation surgery,broken ribs treatment

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