In 2006, Shandong Province introduced the natural pig raising law. After more than one year of experimentation, demonstration and promotion, it has achieved remarkable results in Zaozhuang, Tai'an and Zibo. This has solved the environmental pollution caused by swine and promoted the healthy development of swine industry. It is a healthy revolution. Since December 12, 2007, the newspaper has published "The Natural Pig Raising Act", which has greatly increased the production efficiency in Feicheng, and "The New Model of Ecological Raising Pigs -- The Natural Raising Pig Law", which still cannot satisfy the majority of pig raising. The urgent requirements of the field and households. To this end, the newspaper specially congratulated the industry to write an article, a detailed introduction to this pig mode.
Natural pig raising law is a new technology that is continuously researched. The newspaper will pay more attention to it. The readers have any questions and requirements and can continue to contact the newspaper.
---editor
1. Sources of Natural Pigs For thousands of years, oriental farmers such as China, Japan, and South Korea have been gathering habits such as turf, straw, and fresh soil as a bed for animals. The purpose is to dilute the excreta, often after a relatively long period of time, to clean up the contaminated litter and concentrate it for manure. This practice may be the prototype of the current natural pig industry.
Like our country’s peasants, Japanese folks have long used padding for pigs. Since 1992, experts and professors from the University of Kagoshima in Japan have systematically researched on indigenous bacteria and related pig raising technologies that are fermented by thick litter, and established basic technical specifications, which are widely known as thick litter for pig rearing. technology. Mr. Zhao Hangui of South Korea fully absorbed the research results of several experts from Japan, creatively proposed the concept of natural agriculture, and more comprehensively summarized the key technologies of natural pig raising. At present, the Japanese Society of Natural Agriculture, the Mountain Shore Association, the University of Kagoshima, and the Korean Society of Natural Agriculture are all promoting and applying this technology.
2. The exploration of natural pig raising in Shandong To solve the current “three major problems†that the pig industry is facing mainly in terms of quality and safety, efficiency improvement, and environmental governance, the researchers in our province have been exploring, in the 1990s, Shandong Agricultural University. Agricultural experts headed by Prof. Li Tiejian have also summarized domestic pig raising techniques at home and abroad for many years, improved and created a “new-style greenhouse pig raising law†with less investment, quick results, and low cost, also called “a lazy Chinese pig raising lawâ€. This method has achieved certain results due to the use of natural background strains of litter.
In the second half of 2006, according to the leadership of the provincial party committee, it was important to expedite the study and promotion of the natural pig raising law to benefit the majority of farmers in Shandong. With the support of the provincial finance, our province has started the project of “Study and Popularize Natural Pig Technology†and set up pilot sites in Feicheng, Taian, and Xuecheng, Zaozhuang to develop new technology for natural fermentation of pigs (hereinafter referred to as “natural pig raisingâ€). ) Conduct a series of studies on the application of fattening and other stages. Through more than one year of experimental research and promotion, according to incomplete statistics, as of December 10, 2007, there were more than 350 farmers who had built natural pig farms, and the area of ​​fermentation beds was more than 140,000 square meters. With more than 10,000 heads, it is expected that nearly 180,000 pigs will be slaughtered before the end of the year; there are nearly 800 pigs to be built in natural pigs, and it is estimated that nearly 500,000 square meters of fermentation beds will be built. It is estimated that more than 400,000 pigs can be kept. The natural pig demonstration area covers almost all the cities in the province. On October 16, 2007, over 40 experts from the project team and demonstration farmer held the “Clean Pig Farming Symposium in the province†in Zaozhuang to comprehensively summarize the research and promotion of phase-testing and promotion of natural pig raising. It can be vigorously promoted in Shandong, and a set of natural pig breeding methods using microbial fermentation of thick litter for raising pigs suitable for the climate characteristics of Shandong is summarized.
3. The nature of the natural pig-raising mode The nature of natural pig-raising is the utilization of biological resources to solve the difficult problems faced by pig production. In the ecosystem that surrounds the swine industry, forage crops are producers. They can use the inorganic substances in the environment to synthesize organic matter, and solar energy is first fixed to the ecosystem in the form of bioenergy to provide animal food for animals. The pig is Consumers take the producer's products as the initial food source, and through their own transformation, they can produce nutritious products with high economic value, such as meat; microbes (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, etc.) are decomposers and use animal waste. , plants, and other organic matter feed on food, allowing the elements that make up organic components and the energy stored to be released into the surrounding environment through decomposition; at the same time, it can convert substances that cannot be directly used by humans and animals into usable products, and can enrich Disperses nutrients, converts and concentrates. The food chain and food web composed of food and nutrition in the three functional groups are the nutritional structures of the ecosystem. That is, forage crops → pigs → microorganisms, it is the main route of material circulation, energy flow and information transmission in the agricultural ecosystem, and is the basis for natural pig raising. The development of natural pig raising is to automate and reveal the passive and implicit functions of microorganisms in the swine ecosystem, thus forming a virtuous cycle of the biosphere and bringing about endless growth, which is conducive to the sustainable use of resources.
4. Existing fattening modes and technical principles for natural pigs The current basic feeding mode for natural pigs is to set 90 to 100 cm underground or above-ground litter pits in the house, filled with agricultural and sideline products such as sawdust or straw. , Fermentation of litter with species (raw indigenous indigenous species or commercial strains) to form a microenvironment for propagating beneficial bacteria, inhibiting and decomposing harmful bacteria and viruses; direct discharge of pig manure and urine on litter, realizing manure Polluted emissions; excreta accelerates the fermentation of litter microbes, generates heat, ensures that pigs can only normally live through winter, restores the pig's eating habits, feeds the bacterial proteins produced by fermentation, and becomes a supplement for pigs; It takes a long time (usually 2 to 3 years) to clean up once and become high-grade organic fertilizer; the entire breeding process achieves zero emissions, no odor, and no pollution.
The basic technical principles of the existing model are: First, use the principles of air convection and solar altitude angles to build pig houses according to local conditions; second, use bio-fermentation principles to treat excreta and solve environmental pollution problems; third, use greenhouse and cool pavilion effects; To improve the somatosensory temperature of the pigs; fourth is to use the principle of occupation of beneficial bacteria to enhance the disease resistance of pigs and improve the efficiency of feeding and the quality of pork.
5. Advantages of Natural Pig Breeding Experiments have shown that the advantages of natural pig raising can be summarized as “three provinces, two mentions, one increase, and zero dischargeâ€.
Three provinces (provincial water, provincial materials, provincial labor force). Natural pigs save water by 75% to 90%, only drinking from pigs, maintaining surface humidity on the litter, and cooling water by dripping water; pigs can eat archetypal protein to improve the intestinal environment and improve feed conversion rate, saving 10% of concentrated feed 15%. Feeding only, turning up litter, cleaning the feeding table, adjusting the humidity labor, without cleaning manure, can save labor 30% -50%, a person can keep 500 to 1000 fat pigs, 100 to 200 sows.
Two mentions (improving resistance, improving pork quality). The pigs recovered their natural habits, restored the biological habits of arch food and sand baths, and reduced stress. The intake of bacterial proteins increased the disease resistance, reduced the incidence, and reduced the use of drugs. Pork has a ruddy flesh with a clear texture and improved flesh quality.
One increase (increased aquaculture efficiency). Natural pigs can save water, materials, and medication costs by 30-80 yuan per head; the use of agricultural waste, such as sawdust, rice hulls, peanut husks, corn stalks, and other agricultural waste can be used as litter raw materials. The fermentation of soil microorganisms turns these wastes into treasure. The statistics show that one mu of corn stalk can be used per 10 m2 of fermentation bed, which also provides another good solution for straw treatment and beautification of urban and rural ecological environment. A combination of economic, ecological and social benefits has been achieved.
Zero emissions (no pollution, zero emission of waste). There is no odor inside and outside the natural pig farm, the ammonia content is significantly reduced, and the pollutants are absorbed early in the farming process and zero discharge of the waste is achieved.
6. The difference between the existing natural pig-raising pattern and the traditional pig-raising is to change the input of the double-linkage into a single link. The traditional pig-raising law is followed by “soil-pollution†after “pig productionâ€, and natural pig-raising is a good solution to move the “soil-pollution treatment†to “pig-production†once, reducing the investment and improving Production, external emissions of zero emissions. The second is the management of litter pits, without flushing with water, restoring the biological characteristics of the pigs. It changed the status of the traditional pig raising pigs living on the cement floor for a long time. The litter area and the feeding area on the cement floor were set. The pigs could choose their own rest and exercise areas and could eat the bacterial protein. The third is to simplify the work, reduce the amount of labor, and reflect the welfare of the staff. Natural pigs do not need to wash the pens, do not move the excrement, and the air in the house is fresh. They are only engaged in the simple work of feeding and cleaning the feeding table and adjusting the litter every day. The work is no longer dirty, messy or tired, and the efficiency is obviously improved. The fourth is to save resources. A large number of resources such as water, materials, medicine, and labor are used to reflect the ecological civilization.
In summary, the effect of natural pig raising technology is very significant. It solves the difficult problems in the existing pig breeding industry and can be widely used. However, as with any new technology, there are still many areas that need to be perfected. It is also necessary to give systematic research to support more comprehensive technical measures. The industry must examine it with a fresh perspective, instead of simply killing it with a stick, practice is the criterion for testing truth and speaking with practical results.
Three key technologies break through natural pig farming
(a) strains. There are two kinds of litter strains in Shandong: one is indigenous strains and the second is commercial strains. Indigenous strains use local raw materials to collect raw liquids in areas rich in defoliants and humus and dilute it to 500 times, then infiltrate sugar glycosides or wheat flour, and stir and homogenize them to expand into cultures. The current commercial strains are Japan's rotenosa species, which are available on the market.
(b) Fermentation beds. The fermentation bed is divided into two types: underground type and ground type. In areas with relatively low groundwater levels, we advocate underground fermentation beds. This form requires deep digging 90-100 cm below the ground to fill up the organic dunnage that is made. The piglet can then be placed and the pig can grow freely. Where groundwater levels are high, ground-based fermentation beds can be used. This kind of fermentation bed is built on the ground and requires a certain depth, and then it can be filled with organic litter that has already been made. The litter material can be selected from sawdust, rice husk, chaff, rice bran, corn stalks, peanut shells and leaves. The best combinations are currently known such as sawdust + rice husk, 2/3 peanut shell + 1/3 sawdust, and the like. Production requires breathability, water retention, and a certain source of microbial nutrition.
(iii) Construction of pig houses. The building of the pig house must ensure that as much sunshine as possible in the winter is used to increase litter in order to improve the fermentation efficiency of the strains, and at the same time, the heat preservation and ventilation work should be done; but in the summer, the direct sunlight area should be as small as possible, and the manure and urine fermentation should be handled properly. Ventilation and heatstroke cooling measures. The height of the surface insulation roller blinds is subject to winter. It can be covered with thin film when it is cold and it can be used for ventilation in summer. The pig house is divided into fermentation area (filler area) and concrete floor.
Our province is ready to promote from point to point. First of all, it will be popularized among scientific and technical personnel and pig-rearing model households. With regard to some technical details, it will be promoted through newspapers and other media publicity, training courses, textbook preparation, technical CD-ROMs, and technical tour guides.
As a new technology, some technical aspects in our province need to be further explored and improved: First, to strengthen systematic research on fermentative strains and to develop technical standards for the collection of indigenous strains; second is to study the pattern and scale of field buildings suitable for the Shandong environment; Continue to carry out litter screening test; Fourth, the determination of pork quality, the development of natural breeding pig technical regulations.
Natural pig raising law is a new technology that is continuously researched. The newspaper will pay more attention to it. The readers have any questions and requirements and can continue to contact the newspaper.
---editor
1. Sources of Natural Pigs For thousands of years, oriental farmers such as China, Japan, and South Korea have been gathering habits such as turf, straw, and fresh soil as a bed for animals. The purpose is to dilute the excreta, often after a relatively long period of time, to clean up the contaminated litter and concentrate it for manure. This practice may be the prototype of the current natural pig industry.
Like our country’s peasants, Japanese folks have long used padding for pigs. Since 1992, experts and professors from the University of Kagoshima in Japan have systematically researched on indigenous bacteria and related pig raising technologies that are fermented by thick litter, and established basic technical specifications, which are widely known as thick litter for pig rearing. technology. Mr. Zhao Hangui of South Korea fully absorbed the research results of several experts from Japan, creatively proposed the concept of natural agriculture, and more comprehensively summarized the key technologies of natural pig raising. At present, the Japanese Society of Natural Agriculture, the Mountain Shore Association, the University of Kagoshima, and the Korean Society of Natural Agriculture are all promoting and applying this technology.
2. The exploration of natural pig raising in Shandong To solve the current “three major problems†that the pig industry is facing mainly in terms of quality and safety, efficiency improvement, and environmental governance, the researchers in our province have been exploring, in the 1990s, Shandong Agricultural University. Agricultural experts headed by Prof. Li Tiejian have also summarized domestic pig raising techniques at home and abroad for many years, improved and created a “new-style greenhouse pig raising law†with less investment, quick results, and low cost, also called “a lazy Chinese pig raising lawâ€. This method has achieved certain results due to the use of natural background strains of litter.
In the second half of 2006, according to the leadership of the provincial party committee, it was important to expedite the study and promotion of the natural pig raising law to benefit the majority of farmers in Shandong. With the support of the provincial finance, our province has started the project of “Study and Popularize Natural Pig Technology†and set up pilot sites in Feicheng, Taian, and Xuecheng, Zaozhuang to develop new technology for natural fermentation of pigs (hereinafter referred to as “natural pig raisingâ€). ) Conduct a series of studies on the application of fattening and other stages. Through more than one year of experimental research and promotion, according to incomplete statistics, as of December 10, 2007, there were more than 350 farmers who had built natural pig farms, and the area of ​​fermentation beds was more than 140,000 square meters. With more than 10,000 heads, it is expected that nearly 180,000 pigs will be slaughtered before the end of the year; there are nearly 800 pigs to be built in natural pigs, and it is estimated that nearly 500,000 square meters of fermentation beds will be built. It is estimated that more than 400,000 pigs can be kept. The natural pig demonstration area covers almost all the cities in the province. On October 16, 2007, over 40 experts from the project team and demonstration farmer held the “Clean Pig Farming Symposium in the province†in Zaozhuang to comprehensively summarize the research and promotion of phase-testing and promotion of natural pig raising. It can be vigorously promoted in Shandong, and a set of natural pig breeding methods using microbial fermentation of thick litter for raising pigs suitable for the climate characteristics of Shandong is summarized.
3. The nature of the natural pig-raising mode The nature of natural pig-raising is the utilization of biological resources to solve the difficult problems faced by pig production. In the ecosystem that surrounds the swine industry, forage crops are producers. They can use the inorganic substances in the environment to synthesize organic matter, and solar energy is first fixed to the ecosystem in the form of bioenergy to provide animal food for animals. The pig is Consumers take the producer's products as the initial food source, and through their own transformation, they can produce nutritious products with high economic value, such as meat; microbes (bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, etc.) are decomposers and use animal waste. , plants, and other organic matter feed on food, allowing the elements that make up organic components and the energy stored to be released into the surrounding environment through decomposition; at the same time, it can convert substances that cannot be directly used by humans and animals into usable products, and can enrich Disperses nutrients, converts and concentrates. The food chain and food web composed of food and nutrition in the three functional groups are the nutritional structures of the ecosystem. That is, forage crops → pigs → microorganisms, it is the main route of material circulation, energy flow and information transmission in the agricultural ecosystem, and is the basis for natural pig raising. The development of natural pig raising is to automate and reveal the passive and implicit functions of microorganisms in the swine ecosystem, thus forming a virtuous cycle of the biosphere and bringing about endless growth, which is conducive to the sustainable use of resources.
4. Existing fattening modes and technical principles for natural pigs The current basic feeding mode for natural pigs is to set 90 to 100 cm underground or above-ground litter pits in the house, filled with agricultural and sideline products such as sawdust or straw. , Fermentation of litter with species (raw indigenous indigenous species or commercial strains) to form a microenvironment for propagating beneficial bacteria, inhibiting and decomposing harmful bacteria and viruses; direct discharge of pig manure and urine on litter, realizing manure Polluted emissions; excreta accelerates the fermentation of litter microbes, generates heat, ensures that pigs can only normally live through winter, restores the pig's eating habits, feeds the bacterial proteins produced by fermentation, and becomes a supplement for pigs; It takes a long time (usually 2 to 3 years) to clean up once and become high-grade organic fertilizer; the entire breeding process achieves zero emissions, no odor, and no pollution.
The basic technical principles of the existing model are: First, use the principles of air convection and solar altitude angles to build pig houses according to local conditions; second, use bio-fermentation principles to treat excreta and solve environmental pollution problems; third, use greenhouse and cool pavilion effects; To improve the somatosensory temperature of the pigs; fourth is to use the principle of occupation of beneficial bacteria to enhance the disease resistance of pigs and improve the efficiency of feeding and the quality of pork.
5. Advantages of Natural Pig Breeding Experiments have shown that the advantages of natural pig raising can be summarized as “three provinces, two mentions, one increase, and zero dischargeâ€.
Three provinces (provincial water, provincial materials, provincial labor force). Natural pigs save water by 75% to 90%, only drinking from pigs, maintaining surface humidity on the litter, and cooling water by dripping water; pigs can eat archetypal protein to improve the intestinal environment and improve feed conversion rate, saving 10% of concentrated feed 15%. Feeding only, turning up litter, cleaning the feeding table, adjusting the humidity labor, without cleaning manure, can save labor 30% -50%, a person can keep 500 to 1000 fat pigs, 100 to 200 sows.
Two mentions (improving resistance, improving pork quality). The pigs recovered their natural habits, restored the biological habits of arch food and sand baths, and reduced stress. The intake of bacterial proteins increased the disease resistance, reduced the incidence, and reduced the use of drugs. Pork has a ruddy flesh with a clear texture and improved flesh quality.
One increase (increased aquaculture efficiency). Natural pigs can save water, materials, and medication costs by 30-80 yuan per head; the use of agricultural waste, such as sawdust, rice hulls, peanut husks, corn stalks, and other agricultural waste can be used as litter raw materials. The fermentation of soil microorganisms turns these wastes into treasure. The statistics show that one mu of corn stalk can be used per 10 m2 of fermentation bed, which also provides another good solution for straw treatment and beautification of urban and rural ecological environment. A combination of economic, ecological and social benefits has been achieved.
Zero emissions (no pollution, zero emission of waste). There is no odor inside and outside the natural pig farm, the ammonia content is significantly reduced, and the pollutants are absorbed early in the farming process and zero discharge of the waste is achieved.
6. The difference between the existing natural pig-raising pattern and the traditional pig-raising is to change the input of the double-linkage into a single link. The traditional pig-raising law is followed by “soil-pollution†after “pig productionâ€, and natural pig-raising is a good solution to move the “soil-pollution treatment†to “pig-production†once, reducing the investment and improving Production, external emissions of zero emissions. The second is the management of litter pits, without flushing with water, restoring the biological characteristics of the pigs. It changed the status of the traditional pig raising pigs living on the cement floor for a long time. The litter area and the feeding area on the cement floor were set. The pigs could choose their own rest and exercise areas and could eat the bacterial protein. The third is to simplify the work, reduce the amount of labor, and reflect the welfare of the staff. Natural pigs do not need to wash the pens, do not move the excrement, and the air in the house is fresh. They are only engaged in the simple work of feeding and cleaning the feeding table and adjusting the litter every day. The work is no longer dirty, messy or tired, and the efficiency is obviously improved. The fourth is to save resources. A large number of resources such as water, materials, medicine, and labor are used to reflect the ecological civilization.
In summary, the effect of natural pig raising technology is very significant. It solves the difficult problems in the existing pig breeding industry and can be widely used. However, as with any new technology, there are still many areas that need to be perfected. It is also necessary to give systematic research to support more comprehensive technical measures. The industry must examine it with a fresh perspective, instead of simply killing it with a stick, practice is the criterion for testing truth and speaking with practical results.
Three key technologies break through natural pig farming
(a) strains. There are two kinds of litter strains in Shandong: one is indigenous strains and the second is commercial strains. Indigenous strains use local raw materials to collect raw liquids in areas rich in defoliants and humus and dilute it to 500 times, then infiltrate sugar glycosides or wheat flour, and stir and homogenize them to expand into cultures. The current commercial strains are Japan's rotenosa species, which are available on the market.
(b) Fermentation beds. The fermentation bed is divided into two types: underground type and ground type. In areas with relatively low groundwater levels, we advocate underground fermentation beds. This form requires deep digging 90-100 cm below the ground to fill up the organic dunnage that is made. The piglet can then be placed and the pig can grow freely. Where groundwater levels are high, ground-based fermentation beds can be used. This kind of fermentation bed is built on the ground and requires a certain depth, and then it can be filled with organic litter that has already been made. The litter material can be selected from sawdust, rice husk, chaff, rice bran, corn stalks, peanut shells and leaves. The best combinations are currently known such as sawdust + rice husk, 2/3 peanut shell + 1/3 sawdust, and the like. Production requires breathability, water retention, and a certain source of microbial nutrition.
(iii) Construction of pig houses. The building of the pig house must ensure that as much sunshine as possible in the winter is used to increase litter in order to improve the fermentation efficiency of the strains, and at the same time, the heat preservation and ventilation work should be done; but in the summer, the direct sunlight area should be as small as possible, and the manure and urine fermentation should be handled properly. Ventilation and heatstroke cooling measures. The height of the surface insulation roller blinds is subject to winter. It can be covered with thin film when it is cold and it can be used for ventilation in summer. The pig house is divided into fermentation area (filler area) and concrete floor.
Our province is ready to promote from point to point. First of all, it will be popularized among scientific and technical personnel and pig-rearing model households. With regard to some technical details, it will be promoted through newspapers and other media publicity, training courses, textbook preparation, technical CD-ROMs, and technical tour guides.
As a new technology, some technical aspects in our province need to be further explored and improved: First, to strengthen systematic research on fermentative strains and to develop technical standards for the collection of indigenous strains; second is to study the pattern and scale of field buildings suitable for the Shandong environment; Continue to carry out litter screening test; Fourth, the determination of pork quality, the development of natural breeding pig technical regulations.
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