(a) Requirements for environmental facilities. The suitable temperature for cattle growth is 10-25°C. Due to the use of closed accommodation, it is required to have good lighting, drainage, ventilation and heat preservation performance, easy to implement disinfection, ventilation, adjust the temperature and humidity within the house, and drive the fly. Rodent control, etc., while requiring no noise around, no water quality and air pollution.

(b) Requirements for incoming calves. To select healthy yaks weighing between 5 and 6 months of age and having a weaning weight of about 200 kg, it is best to use an Angus, Limousin, Charolais, Simmental and Piedmont as the cross males. In addition to the disinfection of the pens prior to entry into the pen, the newly purchased calves also need to be sprayed with 0.3% peroxy acetic acid to disinfect the body surface, and the more calves are then repelled with a 2% solution of trichlorfon.

(iii) Management of the adaptation period after the yak has entered the field. The adaptation period is generally 15-20 days. Adjust the cow's diet during this period, feed some easily digestible grass, and observe their feeding and activities. After 7 days, the insects were repelled and treated with insect nemesis at a dose of 0.1 g per kilogram of body weight. If ectoparasites were used, they were re-administered with trichlorfon at a dose of 40 mg/kg body weight on the 7th day after deworming. Gradually add 30 grams of salt, 20-60 grams of urea, 40-60 grams of ruminin, and 2-7 kilograms of distiller's grains mixture (5 grains of distiller's grains) to each cow's diet starting from the fifth day after entry. , Distillers grains, urea, ruminal are gradually increased by a small amount, when mixed with other foods into a wet material, water is prohibited within 1.5 hours after eating. If ammoniated feeds do not feed urea, ammoniated feeds or micro-feeds can be used instead of rough feeds. Strengthen the epidemic prevention for the incoming cattle and regularly inject the corresponding vaccine.

(D) feeding and management of the fattening period. The fattening period takes 11-13 months, before the weight is 250 kg for the previous fattening, and 250 kg for the fattening stage. At this stage, a single fertilizer can be given to cattle, and after use, the meat can meet international export standards. 1 time. Into the fattening period should limit the amount of activity of the cattle to carry home care, feed each day at 6 o'clock in the morning and evening 1 time, first feed the coarse feed, feed the concentrate feed, the water temperature not less than 4 °C. According to the nutrient requirements of the different growth stages of the cattle, the rations should be reasonably prepared and the refueling should be gradually replaced within 2-3 days. During the entire fattening process, attention should be paid to observing the feed intake and digestion of cattle in order to promptly identify problems and quickly resolve them. Try to avoid acidosis, urea (ammonia) poisoning and other sudden deaths. If there is anxiety within 1 hour after eating, Eye and muscle tremors, mouth foam and other symptoms should be immediately injected with cardiac diuretic drugs, while using litmus paper to determine the pH of the rumen and urine (normal cow urine pH 7.7-8.7), when the urine pH When the value is higher than the normal value, the cow is given 500 ml of vinegar and 500-1000 ml of sugar water. If the urine is acidic, 200 grams of soda water and 500 ml of water will be fed. At the same time, the infusion, gastric lavage, laxative, etc.

(five) diet preparation. According to the nutritional needs of each stage and the local feed resources, the following groups of rations are prepared for reference only:

1. Weight 150-200 kg for cattle: 1 kg of corn, 1 kg of soybean cake, 3 kg of corn stalk, 10 kg of EM straw fermentation agent, 50 g of urea, 40 g of salt, 20 g of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 15 g of sodium sulfate, Rumen 60 mg.

2. Weight 200-250 kg for cattle: 2.9 kg of straw, 2.6 kg of corn, 1 kg of soybean cake, EM straw fermentation agent 10

3. Weight 250-300 kg for cattle: 2.9 kg of corn stalks, 2.6 kg of corn, 1 kg of soybean cake, less than 10 kg of EM straw fermentation agent, 100 g of urea, 65 g of salt, 10 g of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 30 g of sodium sulfate, Rumen 160 mg.

4. Weight 300-400 kg for cattle: 2.3 kg of straw, 5.7 kg of corn, 1 kg of soybean cake, 10 kg of EM straw fermentation agent, 125 g of urea, 90 g of salt, 37.5 g of sodium sulfate, 5 g of calcium hydrogen phosphate, and rumen 240 mg.

5. Weight 400-500 kg for cattle: 2.3 kg of corn stover, 5.7 kg of corn, 1 kg of soybean cake, EM straw fermentation agent 510

In the above five groups of ingredients, the coarse corn stalks of (1), (3) and (5) can be used by ammoniating or EM straw cultivating agents. At the same time, the five formulas should be supplemented with high-quality artificial pasture or silage to supplement the shortcomings of insufficient nutrients. The total amount of distillers grains in the diet is 1/4 of the total, and the rest is used as feed. The various feeds that make up the diet are safe feed ingredients that are free of chemicals and pesticides.

(6) Processing and Modulation of Roughage

1. Ammonia treatment of roughage: The straw with no mildew should be chopped into 5-7 cm long, 10 kg of EM straw fermenting agent, 10-30 kg of urea should be added per ton of straw, and the solution should be evenly sprayed with appropriate amount of water. On the stalks, the sealed pool is sealed after compaction; it can also be sealed with a plastic cloth after being filled with sacks. When the ambient temperature is higher than 20°C, it can be used after 1 week. When the temperature is lower than 7°C, it takes about 2 weeks; after use, it needs to be sealed.

2. Microbiological treatment of feedstuffs: Now taking EM straw cultivating agent as an example, the EM straw stalk starter technology is introduced as follows: First, the straw is smashed into 5-7 centimeters long, and 15 kilograms of EM straw fermenting agent is used per 3 ton. % of the 40-degree hot salt water 1000 kg standing still for 1 hour and sprayed on the material to control the moisture content at 65% (with water grasped and mixed material without water droplets, after loosening hands, there is obvious water Traces), and then into the pool or bag picked up, sealed with anaerobic fermentation of non-toxic plastic cloth, when the temperature above 5 °C 20-30 days can be used, after the plastic cloth should be sealed. EM straw fermenters can be stored for 2 years without deterioration.

(seven) timely slaughter. After 11-13 months of fattening, a body weight of about 500 kg can be put on the market, and weight gain implants or other long-lived veterinary drugs must not be used within 90 days before slaughter.

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