Orchid anthracnose is one of the main diseases of orchid cultivation in South China. It is more common in China, and it is a serious disease that harms orchids. In addition to orchids, it also harms poinsettia, jasmine, privet, bergamot, and hibiscus.
Symptoms: The appearance of reddish-brown dots on the leaves at the beginning of the disease, and later expanded to a large gray-grey to grayish-white spot. The lesions on the leaves are semi-circular, round, elliptic, and rhombic as well as irregular, ranging in size from 0.5 to 1.2 cm in length and 0.3 to 0.5 cm in width. Its lesions are sympathetic to large plaques or gradually withered from the tips of the leaves. The lesions are dark brown, or gray in the middle, and some lesions have yellow-green halos around them. In the late stage, scattered spots of needle-like black spots (spores of pathogenic bacteria) are easily broken through the diseased spots, which cause the leaves to die yellow and reduce the ornamental value.
Pathogens and the law of occurrence: the pathogen is the semi-known fungus Mycoplasma spp. The pathogenic bacteria overwintered on mycoplasma and spore discs in sick or dead soil. In the following year, conidiospores are produced, which are infiltrated by stomata and wounds after rain and insects. Conidial germination temperature suitable for 20 to 25 °C, relative humidity above 80%. Winter season in Guangzhou is not obvious, and it can be infested when the temperature and humidity in the early spring are appropriate, especially in the high-temperature, rainy and continuous rainy weather in May to June, or in the autumn or rainy season in September to October. . Especially high humidity and hot, sunny weather when the rain (or shower) weather, poor management of fertilizer and water, set basin too dense, leaf intertwined bruises, plant damage, etc. can make its disease worse. In the northern greenhouses or home pot orchids also occur year-round, plants are too dense, spray watering, frostbite, basin soil too sticky, poor drainage and more susceptible to disease.
Control methods:
1 Strengthen the management of orchid conservation. If the planting is not too dense, pay attention to avoid frost damage and frost damage, and try not to harm the plants during the operation. Should not use porcelain pots, watering as much as possible choose irrigation, do not pour. Indoor ventilation and light transmission. Reasonable fertilization, increased phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, enhance the disease resistance of orchids.
2 eliminate pathogens. In winter and spring, diseased leaves are cut off, defoliants are removed in time, diseased leaves and stub leaves are removed, and burned in order to reduce the source of infection. Then apply 0.5% to 1% Bordeaux mixture to the ground, bowl, and plant 1 to 2 times.
3 chemical control. At the beginning of the disease, 50% of anthrax Fumei WP can be sprayed with 500 times, or 30% of Perfumed WP can be diluted with 2000 times, and sprayed once every 10 days for 3 to 4 consecutive times to control the condition. The onset period can be 50% compound thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800 times, or 50% mixed sulfur suspension 700 times, 25% should be obtained 1000 to 1500 times suspension, 50% phenolic wettable powder 1000 times, Or 69% Ank manganese + 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder (1:1) 1000 to 1500 times, 65% multi-gram wettable powder 800 times, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder + 70% on behalf of the high Le can wet the powder 800 to 1000 times or 25% Carbonate 500 times, spray every 7 to 10 days, alternately spray 3 to 4 times, the control effect is obvious.
4 Spray regularly to protect newborn leaves. Available in 1% Bordeaux mixture, 75% chlorothalonil + 70% thiophanate (1:1) 800 times, 80% anthrax 600 times, 50% Benzep 800 times, or 20% tricyclazole 800 times liquid, spraying once every 7 to 10 days, 3 to 4 times in succession, the control effect is good.
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