Mulberry
**Scientific Name:** *Malope trifida*
**Family:** Malvaceae
Native to Spain and North Africa, *Malope trifida* is a hardy, flowering plant that thrives in warm, sunny conditions. It is not particularly picky about soil type but performs best in well-drained, sandy loam. This species typically grows to about 70 cm in height, with a bushy, multi-branched structure. The leaves are alternate, serrated, and the flowers are solitary, emerging from the leaf axils. Each flower has five petals, ranging in color from red to purple-red at the base, and it blooms between May and June.
Propagation is usually done through seeds. Sowing in early September results in flowering the following May, while spring sowing may delay blooming slightly. During the growing season, pruning of branches can encourage more branching and flowering. It is commonly used in garden beds, borders, or as a potted plant.
When planting *Malope trifida*, choose a loose, slightly acidic sandy loam soil for optimal growth. For container gardening, clay pots are ideal due to their good drainage properties, and they should be slightly deep and wide. If using plastic pots, adding a layer of foam at the bottom improves air circulation and prevents waterlogging.
This plant prefers consistent moisture but does not like to sit in wet soil. Water regularly to keep the soil moist but not soggy. It is a heavy feeder, so enrich the potting mix with a balanced phosphorus and potassium-based fertilizer at planting. Then apply a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) compound fertilizer every four to six weeks. Avoid overusing nitrogen-rich fertilizers, as this can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers.
*Malope trifida* requires full sun and is cold-sensitive. Place it in a bright, well-ventilated area. While it can tolerate partial shade, doing so may result in leggy growth and fewer blooms. It thrives in temperatures between May and October, and in warmer regions, it can even flower indoors during winter if kept above 20°C. In colder areas, it should be brought indoors during the winter months. The stems may die back, but the roots remain alive and will regrow in the spring.
When starting from seed, transplant seedlings into pots measuring 20–30 cm in diameter once they reach about 10 cm in height. Pinching back the top of the plant helps create a compact, bushy shape, which promotes more flowering and a more attractive appearance.
Propagation methods include both cuttings and seeds. In spring, when new shoots grow to more than 10 cm from the old roots, they can be cut and rooted. Alternatively, seeds can be sown in early October or late February. Seedlings grown in pots over the winter can be transplanted in spring. Plants started in autumn typically bloom in May, while those sown in spring may flower in June.
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