Seedless pests have less pests and diseases than oranges, and they are also easier to control. Generally, there are a small number of aphids, blown cotton scale insects, longhorned cattle and anthracnose, etc.:
(I) Major diseases and their prevention methods
Anthrax:
Yellow skin anthracnose is a fungal disease that damages branches, leaves, and fruits, resulting in branches, leaves, fruit rot or shrinkage. The victim's fruit was light brown in color at the beginning, and the latter lesion gradually enlarged and turned dark brown to black. The center of the spot was grayish-white, gradually black, and eventually it rotted off or dried and shrivelled and remained on the fruit tree. When the leaves were damaged, yellow-brown lesions were first found at the tips of leaves and leaves, and then developed to the entire leaves and shoots. The leaves curled up axially along the leaf surface and stood upright. High temperature and rain are conducive to the disease, from May to July the incidence is more serious, the orchard is severely sealed, cross-containment between lines. Orchard management is extensive and the tree vigor is severely affected. The branches and fruits that grow weak on the same plant are more severe; the orchards have good management, strong tree vigor, and good shoot growth, and the incidence is lighter.
Control methods: 1) Strengthen cultivation and management, increase potash fertilizer, increase tree vigor, and improve the resistance of trees. This is a key measure. 2) Do a good job in winter gardens, cut off diseased branches, diseased leaves, and remove litter and burn them to reduce the source of disease. In the early stage of disease, the fruits and branches of the disease will be cut off and burned to reduce the incidence. 3) Spray protection is available from May to July. In the early stage of the disease, an effective bactericide is sprayed in time to protect the shoots, flower organs, fruit stalks and young fruit from being infringed upon. The commonly used pharmaceuticals include: 1% polyoxygenase 200-300 times or bacterin bactericidal synergist 500-800 times, 50% dexamethasone (or zeosin ammonium) 800 times, 1% Pingfuling 600 times Such as, spray once every 10-15 days, even spray 2 times; in the spring shoot out period and after the Xiehua small fruit period, the spray 1 drug can prevent the disease. In addition, Bordeaux mixture (0.5 kg of copper sulfate, 1 kg of quick lime, 100 kg of water) or 0.2-0.4 Baume of lime sulfur can be used. The spray should be uniform, especially when the shoots are fully sprayed, resulting in mother branches, young fruit, etc.
2. Coal smoke (black mold):
The disease is a fungal disease. The disease occurs on the leaves, and some shoots and fruits are also affected. At the beginning of the disease, a layer of dark brown mildew stains was formed on the surfaces of leaves and shoots, and then gradually expanded. The leaves were covered with black mold and covered with a layer of soot. Therefore, it was called "soot disease". The occurrence of this disease will hinder the photosynthesis of the leaves, resulting in debilitating tree vigor, leaf curling and reassignment; when the fruit is damaged, the appearance of the fruit is very unsightly, affecting the fruit quality and yield. The disease is caused by many kinds of fungi. The pathogenic bacteria are parasitized in the secretions of aphids, scale insects and whiteflies. They are transmitted by wind, rain, and birds. The disease is more serious in May and June. It is caused by aphids and scale insects. Severe or poorly managed orchards, or prone to morbidity under shady and wet conditions.
Control methods: 1) Strengthen cultivation management, increase tree vigor, reasonably pruning, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions of the tree crown, and reduce incidence. 2) The eradication of the disease lies in the elimination of aphids and scale insects. At the early stage of onset, spraying 0.3%-0.5% lime Bordeaux mixture or 1% POX 300-times liquid +16% worm-eaten EC 800-1000 can inhibit sprawl.
3, Phytophthora capsici disease:
Yellow skin disease Phytophthora infestans is a fungal disease. Harmful flower spikes and fruit, leading to dry ears, fruit rot and fruit drop. Rainy and rainy seasons and crowns and orchards have more air and light transmission.
Control methods: 1) Strengthen the management of fertilizers and waters and clean the work. 2) Chemical control Spray 1-2 times of 1% polyoxygenase 300-fold or 72% of Escherichia coli 800-fold dilution spray at bud stage and young fruit stage.
(II) Major pests and their prevention
1, locusts
Aphids are one of the major pests of yellow skin shoots, which occur at all shoots, and occur at high temperatures and dry weather. The locusts use adult larvae and nymphs to cluster on tender shoots, young leaves and tender stems to suck sap and damage the leaves, causing the leaves to grow curled and unable to stretch properly. In severe cases, they cause falling, falling fruit, and new shoots to die. Their excreta can cause soot.
Control methods: Aphid damage can be found to spray 80% dichlorvos 1000 times dilution; 25% imidothiophosphate 1000-fold dilution; 50% malathion 1500-fold dilution; kill chrysanthemum 3000-4000 dilution; 300 times the detergent, etc. choose a spray.
2, heap powder wax scale insects
The waxy yellow scale insects of scales often suck juice at the fruit pedicle, affect fruit development or cause fruit drop, and also cause soot.
Control methods: In the event of a hazard, 80% dichlorvos 800-fold dilutions or 40% aqueous disulfiram 1000-fold dilutions can be sprayed. In the early stages of fruit development, 40% aqueous potassium dithiocarbamate can be sprayed and killed.
3. Leaf roller moth larvae
Leaf roller moth larvae, also known as filariae, often roll leaf foraging and feeding young fruit, resulting in fruit leaf volume, incomplete or fruit drop, rotten fruit.
Control methods: Injury can be sprayed in the young age can be sprayed pyrethrum lipids (chlorpheniramine, Hing cotton), killing chrysanthemum (fast killing D) and other conventional use spray concentration.
4, rust spider
Yellow rust spiders occur in some areas, and damage often causes harm to the fruits and leaves of the backlight, causing the affected leaves and fruits to turn brown, lose luster, and reduce the appearance of fruit products.
Control methods: Spray 20% dicofol 1000 times in the middle of fruit development, or use other acaricides.
5. Larvae
The calf larvae endanger the main branch, trunk and roots and cause the tree to weaken and even die. In May, adults began to spawn, and the larvae became infested after drilling.
Control methods: Kill adult worms, scrape off egg masses, kill larvae that have been cut into the branches with steel wire hooks, spray with 500 times of 16% worm-strands, and spray 50 times with liquid or larvae.
6, leaf miner
After the larvae of leaf miners are immersed, they are shed from the bottom of the egg sap to the leaves and shoots of the new shoots to feed on the leaves and juices, leaving the epidermis on the side of the larvae. Hardening affects the extension of young leaves. When the damage is severe, the leaves are easily detached, and the growth of new shoots is hindered, affecting the accumulation of photosynthesis and nutrients.
Control methods: The appropriate period of control is the peak period of larval egging, and the spraying time is appropriate in the early evening. The spray is applied twice every 6-7 days. The effective medicines are: 16% insect-line clearing oil 1000-1500 times liquid , 20% eradication of emulsion 5000-10000 times liquid; 10% eradication of EC 700-13000 times EC; 20% speed kill Ding 5000-7000 times and other liquid spray.
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