Houseflies, *Musca domestica*, are typically considered a health nuisance, but under controlled conditions, their larvae can be transformed into high-quality animal feed, effectively turning waste into valuable resources. This innovative approach helps address two major challenges in the livestock industry: the shortage of protein feed and the environmental impact of manure. Fly larvae can be used to produce protein-rich feed or to process animal waste into organic fertilizer through biological treatment, offering a sustainable solution to these pressing issues.
**1. Improved Species**
For artificial breeding, the Oriental subspecies is commonly used. The initial source of these flies is earthworms, which are collected and directly placed into the fly feed. After 5 days, the first emergence occurs, usually within 3 to 4 days. Adult flies lay eggs in plastic containers, and it's essential to feed them twice daily—once in the morning and once in the evening. Female houseflies typically spawn for 8 to 14 hours per day, so timing is crucial to collect the eggs efficiently. Each fly can lay eggs 5 to 6 times during its lifetime, and after about 7 to 10 cycles, they begin to age. At this point, the cages are treated with boiling water to eliminate the old population, and new flies are introduced.
**2. Nutrition and Feed**
(1) The feed for adult flies includes milk powder and brown sugar. For every 10,000 flies, 5 grams of powdered milk and 5 grams of sugar are mixed with an appropriate amount of water, then cooled. A small pot with straws is used to support fly breeding, while a deeper bowl filled with 70% moisture wheat or rice bran is also provided. Flies are kept at 24–33°C, and females lay around 100 eggs each time. Eggs are removed daily from the cages and transferred to nursery materials for hatching.
(2) For larvae feed, a mixture of saccharified starch (12% flour + 80% water) is boiled into a paste, dried, and then mixed with 8% saccharification agent. It is incubated at 60°C for 8 hours, followed by the addition of 1% blood meal or fly maggot powder. Housefly larvae thrive on various organic materials, especially when chicken and pig manure are used in a 1:2 ratio. The material should be 7–10 cm thick with 70–80% humidity, and larvae hatch within 3–32 hours at 18–33°C. They are harvested before pupation, typically after 4–5 days of feeding. Combining yellow mealworms and houseflies allows for efficient processing of crop straw.
**3. Equipment and Facilities**
(1) Fly larvae can be raised on the ground using fermented manure, food factory byproducts, or slaughterhouse waste. These materials attract natural flies, and approximately 200–250 grams of larvae can be harvested per kilogram of material within 7–10 days. Timely harvesting is key, and larvae can be used as live bait for fish, frogs, or other animals. Sieves are placed above water bodies, and the dark, burrowing behavior of larvae helps them fall into collection containers.
(2) Cage systems use iron bars and nylon screens to create 60×40×40 cm enclosures. A 20 cm diameter hole allows for feeding and egg-laying. Each cage can hold up to 10,000 flies.
(3) Indoor breeding is common in greenhouses or dedicated rooms. A 15–20 square meter space with temperature control (25–30°C), humidity (70%), and proper ventilation is ideal. Plastic boxes of various sizes are used for feeding and egg-laying. In winter, indoor methods are preferred, while outdoor setups are more common in summer.
(4) Greenhouse systems combine cement pools and plastic shelters, allowing for large-scale breeding. Pools are 1.5–2 meters long and 1 meter wide, with gauze-supported structures. This setup ensures optimal conditions for larval growth.
**4. Environmental Control**
Maintaining a temperature of 23–30°C and humidity of 60–80% is essential for healthy larval development.
**5. Utilization and Processing**
Fly larvae can be collected either by letting them crawl out of the pool or by using gauze nets. Fresh larvae can be rinsed and used directly as feed, while dried larvae can be washed, dried, and stored for later use. This flexible approach makes fly larvae a versatile and sustainable resource for agriculture and aquaculture.
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