Houseflies, *Musca domestica*, are commonly seen as a health nuisance, but under controlled conditions, they can be transformed into a valuable resource. Fly larvae, in particular, serve as a high-quality protein source for animal feed, turning organic waste into useful products. This process not only helps reduce the environmental impact of livestock manure but also addresses the global challenge of protein shortages in the animal feed industry.
**1. Improved Species**
The Oriental subspecies is often used for artificial breeding, with earthworms serving as the primary feed source. Collected earthworms are directly placed into the seed fly feed, and within 3 to 4 days, flies begin to emerge. Adult flies lay eggs in plastic containers, and it's essential to feed them twice daily—once in the morning and once in the evening. Female houseflies typically lay eggs for 8 to 14 hours a day, so timing is crucial for egg collection. Seed flies can lay eggs up to 5 to 6 times during their lifespan, and after about 7 to 10 cycles, they begin to age. At this point, the cages are treated with boiling water to eliminate old flies, and new ones are introduced for continued breeding.
**2. Nutrition and Feed**
(1) The feed for adult flies includes milk powder and brown sugar—about 5 grams per 10,000 flies per day. The mixture is boiled, cooled, and placed in small pots with straws for fly access. A deeper bowl containing wheat or rice bran with 70% moisture is also used. Flies spawn at temperatures between 24–33°C, and each female lays around 100 eggs per batch. Eggs are collected daily from the cages and transferred to the nursery.
(2) For larvae, a mix of saccharified starch (12% flour + 80% water) is prepared, then dried and mixed with 8% saccharification agents. After 8 hours of incubation at 60°C, 1% blood meal or fly maggot powder is added. Housefly larvae thrive on organic matter, especially when chicken and pig manure are used in a 1:2 ratio. The material should be 7–10 cm thick with 70–80% humidity. At 18–33°C, larvae hatch in 3–32 hours and can be harvested after 4–5 days before pupating. Combining yellow mealworms and houseflies allows for efficient use of agricultural waste like crop straw.
**3. Appliances and Facilities**
(1) For large-scale culture, fermented chicken or pig manure, food factory byproducts, or slaughterhouse waste are spread on the ground to attract flies. About 200–250 g of larvae can be harvested per kg of material in 7–10 days. Timely harvesting is key—larvae can be fed to frogs, fish, or used as live bait. Sieves are placed above water sources, and larvae fall through holes into containers.
(2) Fly cages made of iron bars and nylon screens are used, with a 20 cm hole for feeding. Each cage holds about 10,000 flies.
(3) Indoor breeding requires a 15–20 m² room with temperature control (25–30°C), humidity (70%), and proper ventilation. Cement pools are filled with fermented manure, adjusted to pH 6.5–7.0, and eggs are sprinkled on top. In summer, outdoor breeding is more common, using similar methods but in open areas.
(4) Greenhouses and natural pools can be combined. A cement field with a raised platform and gauze support is used, covered with a plastic shed to create an ideal environment for larval growth.
**4. Environmental Control**
Larvae grow best at 23–30°C with 60–80% humidity. Maintaining these conditions ensures optimal development and high yield.
**5. Utilization and Processing**
Fly larvae can be collected by allowing them to crawl out of the pool or by using a sieve. Fresh larvae can be rinsed and used directly as feed, while dried larvae can be crushed and stored for later use. This method not only reduces waste but also provides a sustainable and nutritious feed option for livestock and aquaculture.
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