Mushroom cultivation using intensive methods, such as for oyster mushrooms, shiitake, and other edible fungi, can significantly increase yield, efficiency, quality, and reduce resource consumption. This approach not only maximizes output but also ensures a more sustainable and profitable operation.
First, the intensification of the growing process. There are various techniques available for mushroom farming, and the choice depends on the season. During winter, indoor heating is ideal. Methods like pipe heating or coal stoves can be used, with coal stoves being the most cost-effective and practical, especially in colder regions. The controlled environment reduces contamination risks, leading to higher yields and better-quality mushrooms. Winter is also a time when fresh vegetables are scarce, making it easier to capture market demand and achieve good returns.
In summer, underground or semi-underground cultivation works best, as the temperature is about 10°C cooler than the surface. This environment is less prone to bacterial contamination and pests, resulting in higher yields—often twice that of ground-level cultivation. Mushrooms grown this way tend to have superior texture and flavor, which is particularly valuable during high-temperature seasons when mushroom production is typically low.
Second, raw material intensification. Efficient production relies heavily on selecting the right materials. For example, oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) are among the easiest to cultivate, with simple methods and multiple options. A cost-effective approach involves composting, where the substrate is naturally heated by piling and covering it with plastic. When the pile reaches 60°C, it is turned to ensure even heat distribution. After three cycles, the material is ready for inoculation. Maintaining a proper carbon-nitrogen ratio helps suppress unwanted bacteria while promoting healthy mushroom growth.
Third, bagging intensification. Choosing the right bag size is crucial. Through experimentation, it was found that bags measuring 18 to 45 cm in length (with a loaded length of 30 cm) and containing 0.6 kg of dry material offer the best balance between yield and efficiency. Using a two-layer, three-layer strain method—where two layers of mycelium are placed with a layer of spawn in between—enhances productivity and supports intensive cultivation.
Fourth, management intensification. Unlike traditional methods, intensive cultivation uses a "positioning mushroom" technique. Instead of opening the entire bag, small holes are left for oxygen exchange, preventing nutrient competition and reducing mushroom shrinkage. This method also avoids excessive moisture loss and maintains better mushroom quality throughout the growth cycle. By managing the environment more precisely, farmers can achieve consistent results and optimize resource use.
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