In recent years, with the popularization and application of cattle cold-finishing technology and straw cattle-raising technology, the cattle industry has evolved from traditional service to meat use. Beef production has gradually become a scale, and short-term compulsory fattening of shelf cattle has been widely used. Market supply. However, due to the small per capita area of ​​grassland in China, the number of cattle produced on the shelf is insufficient, and the traditional long-term cycle of fattening of calves has resulted in low slaughter rates and low economic benefits. Therefore, the yak rapid fattening technology is introduced as follows:
First, the selection of fattening yak breeds Select good bulls such as Charolais, Simmental, Limousin or Black and White flowers and local cows to improve the hybrid yaks.
Second, eat enough colostrum yak generally for natural breastfeeding, yak 1 to 1.5 hours after birth to feed colostrum in time, 7 days must eat enough. Because colostrum helps in antibacterial, diarrhea and fecal nutrition, it is extremely rich in nutrients. At the same time, add some vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E.
Third, feeding and managing yak early feeding is of utmost importance. At the age of 1 week, training and drinking warm water began. In order to promote the development of the rumen of calves and supplement the nutrients needed by calves, feed some green and rough fodder fine materials in advance: generally begin training at 10 to 20 days of age, and concentrate the concentrate into porridge when training begins. And add a little milk, feed 10~20 grams in the first day, gradually increase the amount of feeding; 20 to 20-day-old daily to 10 to 20 grams of carrot pieces, then gradually increase the amount of feeding; 30 days old, the bar set the mechanism of hay, induced Its feeding; 60 days of age began to feed silage, the first feeding amount of 100 to 150 grams. As calf intake increases, adequate drinking water must be guaranteed. Calves and cows need to be kept in separate rows, and breastfeeding is regularly released. The yaks must exercise moderately, with the mother grazing in the pastures near the cowshed, appropriate slowing down the speed of grazing, and ensuring the rest time. Calves were weaned at 135 days of age.
IV. Disposal of fattening houses Before the calves are transferred into the finishing houses, they are sprayed with 2% alkali solution on the ground and walls of the finishing houses, and the devices are disinfected with 1% benzalkonium bromide solution or 0.1% potassium permanganate solution.
5. After the weaned cow is weaned, it will be transferred to the finishing house to raise the finishing house as a standardized plastic film warm house. The temperature of the house shall be kept within the range of 6°C~25°C to ensure that it is warm in winter and cool in summer. In summer, shade shelters should be used to keep ventilation well. When the temperature is above 30°C, measures should be taken to prevent it from cooling. In winter, double-layer plastic film shall be attached, and ventilation and air ventilation shall be taken to eliminate the harmful gases such as ammonia and carbon monoxide. According to the order from big to small, the cattle body should be tied, fixed and positioned. The reins should be 40-60 cm.
Sixth, rearing of forage cattle, crop stalks, blue (half-dried) storage stalks, ammoniated stalks, micro-storage stalks, root tubers and vines, distiller's grains, beet residues, corn, rapeseed cake, sorghum, sunflower cakes, wheat Bran, bean cake, cottonseed cake, salt, minerals, additives, etc., can be fed fattening calves. The calves were transferred to the rearing house for 10 to 14 days after training to adapt to the environment and feed and gradually transition to the fattening diet. In summer, lush grasses are the best season for grazing. They use the advantages of high nutritional value, good palatability, and high digestibility of wild grasses and use grazing and fattening methods. When the temperature exceeds 30°C, pay attention to the heatstroke and reduce the temperature. You can adopt the nighttime grazing method to make full use of the conversion of forage grass into beef, reduce the cost of raising and increase the economic benefits. Grazing during the day in spring and autumn, supplementing a certain amount of green (half-dried) storage, ammoniating, micro-storage of straw and other roughage and a small amount of fine material at night. In the winter, it is necessary to add a certain amount of concentrate, and appropriately increase the energy feed (cotton-seed cake, etc.) to improve the cold resistance of the calves and reduce the proportion of energy in the basal metabolism. The formula for dietary fattening cattle is as follows:
Formula one: cornmeal 35.2%, bean cake 5.9%, distiller's grains 29.3%, hay 29.3%, salt 0.3%, plus compound additive 1%; Formulation 2: fine material 19.6%~22.4%, distiller's grains 26.4%~27.1%, hay 8.4 %~9.1%, 42.2%~44.2% of straw storage, plus 1% of composite additives. Seventh, the management of fattening cattle The fattening calf feeds 3 times a day, feeds the forage first, then feeds the ingredient, finally drinks water. Be careful not to feed iced feed and drink cold water, and drink warm water in winter. Drinking water is usually done 1 hour after feeding. The fattened cattle are deprived once or twice between 10 and 12 months of age using "Bombycin" or "Levimoxazole". Each dose of "Beta Nemesis" requires an oral dose of 0.1 grams per kilogram of body weight. Oral dose of "levamisole" per cow is 8 mg per kilogram of body weight. At the age of 12 months, the stomach was artificially treated with “artificial salt†and the oral dose was 60-80 grams per cow. Daily swabs the body of cattle once a day to promote blood circulation, increase appetite, keep the body of cattle health, feeding utensils also often wash and disinfect. The fattening cattle should do a good job of prevention and control of the disease on time, observe the cattle’s feeding, drinking, and rumination regularly, and find that the disease is treated in time.
Eight, timely delivery When fattening cattle 18 to 22 months of age, weighing 500 kilograms, and full body muscles, subcutaneous fat is attached, you can slaughter.
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