Amaranthus is an evergreen fruit tree known for its unique flowering cycle. It blooms in the fall and winter, with fruits maturing and being harvested in late spring and early summer of the following year. To ensure optimal growth, mature trees need pruning before harvest to encourage the development of summer shoots. This helps promote early growth, rapid leaf expansion, and the formation of long, mature branches that develop early flower buds. These strong summer shoots become the mother shoots and fruiting branches for the next season, ultimately leading to higher yields.
For loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), adult result trees require careful bud management. Sparse budding helps reduce the number of branch shoots, resulting in stronger fruit-bearing branches and better-quality fruit. During May and June, summer buds are released. Typically, 3 to 5 lateral buds are selected from the terminal bud, with 2 to 3 strong ones retained and the rest removed from the base. If the length is insufficient, a slight short cut can be made to stimulate secondary shoot growth, leaving 1 to 3 robust buds. All weak buds should be removed. If there are not enough growing branches or too many fruiting branches, some can be pruned to balance the ratio between fruiting and growing branches at around 3:2. If a mother branch has fewer than three large leaves, the weak branches should be removed from the base. If there's a gap, one or two leaf retractions can be left to encourage new growth and fill the canopy. Frost-damaged shoots should have their tips removed to promote new growth. Before harvesting, summer shoots are pruned at the base, leaving 1 to 3 well-positioned, strong summer tips while removing the rest.
When pruning fruiting branches, it's best to do so during or just before fruit picking. Old and weak branches should be removed, while strong fruiting branches can be shortened to 2–4 leaves to encourage the development of good summer shoots, which will serve as the mother branches for the next season. Over time, repeated pruning can help control the tree's size and prevent excessive growth. For older trees, lateral buds on top buds can be trained into upright short branches, while others can be extended into longer oblique branches. After several years, this process can lead to weak, curved branches that need to be renewed.
After summer shearing, a large number of summer buds will germinate, followed by another round of flower bud differentiation. It's recommended to re-fertilize after harvest to meet the tree’s nutrient needs. For adult trees, the recommended fertilizer application rates are approximately 16–18 kg of nitrogen (N), 11.5–14 kg of phosphorus (P), and 13.5–16 kg of potassium (K). Fertilizer should be applied in ditches around the drip line, with dimensions of about 1 meter in length, 0.4 meters in width, and 0.6 meters in depth. After application, the soil should be covered to retain moisture. At the same time, attention should be given to foliar fertilization, pest control, and drought management to ensure healthy growth and high productivity.
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