Amaranthus is an evergreen fruit tree that flowers during autumn and winter, with fruits ripening and being harvested in late spring and early summer of the following year. To ensure optimal growth, adult trees must be pruned before harvest to encourage the development of summer shoots. This helps promote early growth and rapid leaf expansion, leading to long, mature shoots that form early flower buds. These buds will then develop into fruiting branches in the next growing season, resulting in high yields.
For loquat (Pinyin: PÃpá), adult fruit-bearing trees require careful pruning of buds to reduce the number of branch shoots, which allows for stronger fruiting branch groups and higher-quality fruit. During May and June, summer buds are released. Typically, 3 to 5 lateral buds are selected from the terminal bud, with 2 to 3 strong, thick ones retained while the rest are removed from the base. If the buds are not long enough, a slight short cut can be made to encourage secondary shoot growth, leaving 1 to 3 strong buds. All weak buds should be removed.
If the tree has too few growing branches or too many fruiting branches, some of the fruiting branches and spikes can be removed to convert them into growing branches, maintaining a balance of 3:2 between fruiting and growing branches. If a mother branch has fewer than three large leaves or the fruiting branch is weak, it should be removed from the base. If there is a gap in the canopy, one or two leaf retractions can be left to stimulate new growth and fill the empty space.
In cases of frost damage, the top shoots should be cut back to encourage new growth. Before harvesting, summer shoots at the base of the fruit cluster should be pruned, leaving 1 to 3 well-positioned, well-angled summer tips, while removing the rest.
When pruning fruiting branches, it's best to do so during or just before fruit picking. Old and weak branches should be removed, while robust fruiting branches should have 2 to 4 leaves left on each shoot to promote healthy summer shoots, which will serve as the mother branches for the next year. Over time, this helps prevent the "yearly size" problem where the tree becomes too large.
After summer pruning, many summer buds will germinate, followed by another round of flower bud differentiation. It’s recommended to re-fertilize after fruit harvest to meet the nutritional needs of the tree. For adult loquat trees, the recommended nutrient application rates are approximately 16–18 kg of nitrogen (N), 11.5–14 kg of phosphorus (P), and 13.5–16 kg of potassium (K) per tree. Fertilizer should be applied in trenches around the drip line, with a trench length of 1 meter, width of 0.4 meters, and depth of 0.6 meters. After application, the soil should be covered and kept moist. At the same time, regular foliar fertilization, pest control, and drought management should also be carried out to maintain tree health and productivity.
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