In the cultivation of white shrimp in South America, managing feed amounts is a major challenge for farmers. Many encounter issues due to poor feeding behavior, which can negatively impact growth, health, and overall productivity. This article explores key points related to feeding management and offers practical guidance to help farmers improve their practices.
One common problem is improper feeding—either too little or too much. If underfeeding occurs, shrimp growth slows down, molting intervals lengthen, and they become weak from nutrient deficiency, increasing the risk of disease and mortality. Overfeeding, on the other hand, leads to wasted feed, higher feed conversion ratios, and poor water quality due to decomposing leftovers and feces. This creates an environment favorable to harmful bacteria, raising disease risks and potentially causing mass deaths, especially in later stages of culture.
To determine the right amount of feed, several factors must be considered. First, feeding frequency plays a role. Most farmers feed 2-4 times a day, but research shows that feeding 5-6 times daily improves feed utilization and supports better growth. It's recommended to start early in the morning and continue every 3-4 hours, with more feed given during evening and night, as shrimp are more active then. Typically, 40% of the daily feed is given during the day, and 60% at night.
Next, the quantity of feed should be based on shrimp size, water conditions, temperature, and health. A general rule is to observe the shrimp after feeding for one hour; their stomachs should be 70-80% full. Regular checks every 7-10 days are essential, as feeding needs can change due to weather, water quality, or shrimp behavior.
To verify if feeding is appropriate, set up 2-3 bait stations around the pond. After feeding, there should be no leftover food within 50-60 minutes, and 70-80% of shrimp should have full stomachs. Also, ensure feeders are placed at the bottom of the pond. If food disappears quickly but remains at the bottom, it may indicate poor bottom conditions or reluctance to eat.
Feeding methods also vary by shrimp stage. Young shrimp should be evenly distributed across the pond, while older ones can be fed around the edges. Turning off aerators for an hour after feeding prevents feed from being pushed to the center, where it mixes with waste and becomes inaccessible.
Additionally, consider environmental conditions. Feed less during hot midday, extreme temperatures, or bad weather. Avoid overfeeding before molting and increase feeding after molting. Monitor competing organisms and adjust accordingly. When water quality is good, feed more; when it deteriorates, reduce feeding. If natural food is abundant, minimize supplemental feeding.
Proper feeding is crucial for successful shrimp farming. It directly affects productivity, cost efficiency, and farm sustainability. Farmers must stay attentive, regularly monitor shrimp behavior and water conditions, and adjust feeding strategies promptly. With careful management, optimal results can be achieved.
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