Controlling the right amount of feed is a major challenge for white shrimp farmers in South America. Many face issues due to improper feeding practices, which can lead to poor growth, disease outbreaks, and reduced yields. To help farmers improve their feeding strategies, we’ve compiled some key insights and best practices.
First, overfeeding or underfeeding can both cause serious problems. Underfeeding slows down shrimp growth, extends molting intervals, and weakens the shrimp, making them more susceptible to diseases. It also leads to size variation and lower productivity. On the other hand, overfeeding results in wasted feed, increased feed conversion ratios, and poor water quality due to decomposing leftovers and feces. This creates an environment that promotes harmful bacteria, increasing disease risks and potentially causing mass mortalities—especially in later stages of cultivation.
To determine the right feeding amount, consider these methods:
1. **Feeding Frequency**: Experts recommend feeding 5–6 times daily, starting early in the morning and spacing each meal every 3–4 hours. Shrimp are more active during dawn and dusk, so adjust feeding accordingly. Typically, 40% of feed is given during the day, and 60% at night.
2. **Feeding Amount**: The quantity depends on factors like water temperature, shrimp density, health, and feed quality. A good rule of thumb is to observe if shrimp have 70–80% full stomachs after one hour. Regular checks (every 7–10 days) help ensure accuracy.
3. **Feed Evaluation**: Place bait stations around the pond. If no food remains after 50–60 minutes and 70–80% of shrimp have full stomachs, the feeding amount is appropriate. Otherwise, adjust it promptly.
It’s also important to place feed platforms at the bottom of the pond. If shrimp aren’t eating from the surface, it could indicate poor bottom conditions. Additionally, avoid turning on aerators immediately after feeding, as this can push feed toward the center and mix it with waste, reducing consumption.
Shrimp feeding habits vary by growth stage. Young shrimps should be evenly distributed across the pond, while larger ones can be fed around the edges. When switching feeds, do it gradually to prevent refusal and waste.
Finally, follow these general feeding principles:
- Feed less during hot midday and before dawn.
- Check for a high rate of empty stomachs (over 30%) after 1.5 hours.
- Reduce feeding when water temperatures are outside the optimal range (below 18°C or above 32°C).
- Adjust based on weather—feed more on clear days, less during storms or cold fronts.
- Feed less before molting and more afterward.
- Increase feeding in ponds with many competing organisms.
- Feed more when water quality is good, and reduce it when it deteriorates.
- Minimize feeding if natural food sources are abundant.
Proper feeding management is crucial for successful shrimp farming. It directly impacts growth, health, and profitability. Farmers should monitor feeding regularly, make timely adjustments, and stay attentive to environmental changes to maintain a balanced and efficient system.
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