Umbellaria is a highly valuable fish with significant economic importance. However, in recent years, due to the expansion of aquaculture, large-scale pond farming has become common in Wuhu, leading to a shortage of naturally bred seedlings. For instance, Hubei Dahuihu Farm successfully introduced and cultured Wuyi fish in large areas, achieving remarkable results. In 1993, an area of 20,000 mu was promoted, producing 4,105 kg of Wuhuan and nearly 7 million yuan in revenue from Wujing. As large-scale farming expanded nationwide, artificial breeding of black peony fry began in the late 1980s. Broodstock for artificial breeding can be obtained from natural sources such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs where oysters are naturally produced, or they can be raised from farmed food fish or four-mackerel broodstock ponds. Typically, 8–10 fish per acre are reared in dry ponds during winter until they reach a weight of 1–2 kg. These selected broodstock are then moved to dedicated ponds for controlled breeding. The quality of broodstock significantly affects reproductive success. In the Central Plains region, black baboons aged 2–4 years and weighing 1–2 kg are ideal, while in southern regions, individuals over one year old and weighing around 130 grams are preferred. During non-breeding seasons, females have grayish-white bellies and yellowish pectoral fins, while males have darker bellies and chests. During spawning season, females' bellies swell, their genital openings expand, and their bodies appear more rounded, whereas males remain smaller and have narrower, slightly concave genital openings. For broodstock breeding, nursery ponds should be 1–2 mu in size, with a water depth of 0.8–1 m and a 15–20 cm layer of silt at the bottom. To prevent jumping, especially during summer rains, the pond should be 40–50 cm above water level or surrounded by a 1–1.5 m high fence. Aquatic plants like water lilies should also be planted to mimic natural habitats. Stocking density is typically 100–150 kg per acre, with a 1:1 male-to-female ratio. Feeding includes small fish like loach, quail, rayhead, shrimp, cockroaches, and clams, with daily feeding amounts at 5–8% of the fish's body weight. Protein-rich concentrates can also be used, and feeding should increase 60 days before spawning to promote gonad development. After 1–2 months, when water temperature is suitable, broodstock can be harvested for natural or artificial reproduction. Natural spawning requires sufficient seedlings, so artificial environments must be created to encourage self-spawning and egg collection. Spawning ponds should be 1–3 acres, with shallow and deep sections, and planted with aquatic vegetation. Broodstock are kept in smaller areas with specific water depths and fed small fish daily. Artificial nests made from bamboo baskets or wooden frames help collect eggs efficiently. Aphrodisiac spawning involves injecting pituitary and chorionic gonadotropin hormones into mature broodstock to induce spawning. Females are identified by swollen bellies and pinkish genital openings. Injection protocols vary based on fish size, with two doses given 12 hours apart. Spawning occurs within 18–34 hours depending on water temperature. Fertilized eggs are collected and hatched in incubators or cages. Incubation facilities include circular tanks or river-based cages, with careful management of water quality and temperature. Preventing mold and maintaining clean water are crucial for successful hatching. Eggs hatch within 25–38 hours at 25–28°C, with larvae requiring stable conditions for survival. This comprehensive approach ensures efficient breeding and production of Umbellaria, supporting sustainable aquaculture practices.

Medicine Granules

Medicine Granules,Granules Medication,Ephedra Licorice Granules,Flunixin Meglumine Granules

Sichuan Aibang Weiye Biological Engineering Co., Ltd. , https://www.aibangpharm.com