Choosing the right variety is crucial for successful spring cabbage cultivation. It's important to select varieties that are cold-tolerant, have strong winter hardiness, and resist premature bolting. Some recommended varieties include April Slow, Late Black Leaf, and Spring Water Cabbage, which are well-suited for spring planting and offer good yields.
When sowing seeds in cooler conditions, it's essential to protect young seedlings from frost and temperature fluctuations. If temperatures drop during the germination phase, seedlings may go through vernalization too early, leading to premature flowering and reduced yield. To prevent this, small arch shelters covered with plastic film can be used during the nursery stage, helping maintain a stable temperature and protecting the seedlings from extreme weather.
Proper soil preparation is key to healthy growth. Spring cabbage does not thrive in waterlogged soils, so it's best to choose well-drained sandy loam. After harvesting the previous crop, the land should be tilled and exposed to sunlight. For each acre, apply 1000 to 1500 kilograms of well-rotted pig or cow manure along with 10 kilograms of compound fertilizer as basal fertilizer. Raised beds should then be constructed, with an average width of 1.7 to 2 meters and ditches about 30 cm deep. When transplanting, ensure the seedlings are healthy and evenly spaced, with a spacing of 20 to 25 cm square to promote uniform growth.
Effective field management is essential for early maturity and high yield. If temperatures remain low after planting, cover the beds with plastic film to maintain a daytime temperature around 20°C, which helps plants recover quickly. Once the weather stabilizes, remove the covers to avoid overheating. Since spring cabbage has shallow roots and limited nutrient absorption capacity, it requires consistent watering and frequent top-dressing. A solution of 15% to 40% human waste can be applied throughout the growing period, gradually increasing the concentration as the plants grow. Stop top-dressing 8 to 10 days before harvest. Additionally, regular weeding, pest control, and proper irrigation should be carried out to ensure healthy development and maximize yield.
When selecting varieties, focus on those with strong cold resistance and early head formation. Common types include tip-headed varieties like Chicken Heart, Bovine Heart, Competing Spring, and Yanchun, as well as flat-headed types such as Yellow Seedling. Choosing the right type based on local climate and market demand will further enhance productivity and profitability.
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