Choosing the right variety is crucial for successful spring cabbage cultivation. Opt for varieties that are cold-tolerant, have strong winter resistance, and show late bolting characteristics, which help prevent premature flowering in cooler conditions. Popular choices include 'April Slow', 'Late Black Leaf', and 'Spring Water Cabbage', all of which perform well in spring planting and offer high yields.
Protecting seedlings from cold is essential during the early growth stage. If temperatures drop, seedlings may go through vernalization too early, leading to early bolting and reduced yield. To prevent this, use small arch shelters covered with plastic film during the nursery phase. This helps maintain a stable temperature, protecting the young plants from sudden temperature drops while ensuring they grow strong and healthy.
Proper soil preparation is key to successful spring cabbage farming. Avoid waterlogged areas, as excess moisture can hinder growth. Choose well-drained sandy loam soil, and after harvesting previous crops, till the land and expose it to sunlight. Apply 1000–1500 kg of well-rotted pig or cow manure per acre, along with 10 kg of compound fertilizer as a base fertilizer. Create raised beds about 1.7 to 2 meters wide, with ditches approximately 30 cm deep to ensure good drainage. When transplanting, select healthy seedlings and plant them at a spacing of 20–25 cm square to allow uniform growth and easy management.
Effective field management plays a significant role in achieving early maturity and high yield. During colder periods, cover the seedlings with plastic film to maintain a daytime temperature of around 20°C, which helps the plants recover quickly. Once the weather stabilizes, remove the covers to avoid overheating. Since spring cabbage has shallow roots and limited nutrient absorption ability, consistent watering and timely fertilization are essential. Apply nitrogen-rich fertilizers throughout the growing season, using 15–40% diluted human waste as a top dressing. Gradually increase the concentration as the plants develop, and stop applying fertilizer 8–10 days before harvest. Regular weeding, pest control, and proper irrigation also contribute to better growth and higher productivity.
When selecting varieties, focus on those with strong winter hardiness and an early head formation stage. Spring cabbage typically comes in two main types: pointed and flat-headed. Pointed varieties include 'Chicken Heart', 'Bull Heart', 'Competing Spring', and 'Yanchun'. Flat-headed varieties such as 'Yellow Seedling' are also popular for their compact shape and good yield potential. Choosing the right type based on local climate and market demand ensures better results and greater profitability for farmers.
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