Crab farming has long relied on traditional techniques aimed at maintaining healthy crabs, such as pest control and environmental improvement. However, these methods are now considered standard and insufficient to address the growing challenges faced by the industry today. Environmental pollution, severe diseases, and pests have become major obstacles, making the issue of healthy crab cultivation more urgent than ever. This shift is not just a trend but an inevitable development in the current stage of the crab farming industry. Healthy crab breeding is no longer solely about medication; it involves maintaining a balanced ecosystem, proper feeding, and scientific management throughout the entire process. The goal is to produce robust, high-quality crabs that are both nutritious and safe for consumption. The severity of current crab diseases has escalated significantly. In the early 1990s, there were over 10 known diseases, but now that number has risen to more than 30. These diseases have spread from localized outbreaks to large-scale losses. This year, reports of widespread disease outbreaks have been particularly alarming. Over 100 individuals contacted the author between July and September, highlighting the scale of the problem. Economic losses have reached billions of yuan, with some regions like Jiangsu suffering over one billion yuan in damages due to specific diseases like shivering. In 1997 and 1998, some farmers in southern Jiangsu experienced near-total crop failures due to water turtles, insects, and leeches. These issues not only harm the economy but also threaten food safety and the value of basic nutrition. Several factors contribute to the worsening situation. First, water pollution has intensified, with industrial waste, pesticides, and other contaminants affecting water quality. Even small concentrations of pollutants like ammonia, mercury, or cyanide can be lethal to crabs. Second, many farming sites lack proper ecological design, such as adequate water depth, good drainage, and sufficient aquatic vegetation. Third, the introduction of pathogenic microorganisms through unsterilized seedlings has led to disease outbreaks. Fourth, genetic degradation due to poor breeding practices has weakened the resilience of crabs. Fifth, low dissolved oxygen levels, often caused by excessive organic matter or overstocking, lead to mass deaths. Sixth, the misuse of drugs, including antibiotics and disinfectants, has increased resistance among pathogens and harmed the environment. Seventh, the "enclosure" system, where crabs are raised in the same area for multiple years, promotes disease accumulation. Eighth, improper density and management practices lead to higher disease risks. Ninth, nutritional deficiencies in feed weaken crabs' immunity. Lastly, sudden temperature changes can stress crabs and trigger disease outbreaks. To combat these issues, comprehensive measures must be taken. First, water selection and pond construction should prioritize ecological conditions that support healthy crab growth. This includes choosing clean water sources, designing ponds with appropriate depth and structure, and ensuring good water circulation. Second, old ponds need renovation, including dredging, planting aquatic plants, and improving water quality. Third, new methods like rice field integration can help reduce pests and improve productivity. Fourth, disease-free seedlings must be selected and properly managed to prevent the spread of pathogens. Fifth, water quality should be carefully monitored and adjusted based on seasonal and weather conditions. Finally, nutrition must be optimized to enhance crabs' health and disease resistance. In conclusion, the future of crab farming depends on adopting sustainable and scientifically sound practices. Farmers must focus on creating a balanced ecosystem, using quality seedlings, managing water effectively, and providing proper nutrition. Only through these integrated efforts can the industry overcome current challenges and ensure long-term success.

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