There are many natural enemies in the vineyard, mainly predatory and parasitic. Common predatory natural enemies such as grasshoppers, ladybugs, spiders, crickets, etc., can kill a variety of pests and even various insect states. Parasitic natural enemies mainly include a variety of parasitic bee insects, etc., and may be parasited in vivo or in vitro of pests. Therefore, natural enemies of pests play an important inhibitory role against the occurrence of pests.
Of the various pests that occur in the vineyard, only a few species cause harm throughout the year, and other supplementary methods must be adopted to control the high-quality and high-yield fertilization techniques of grapes. Most of the varieties are in a situation of being inhibited by natural enemies for a long period of time, but they cannot form a big hazard. Therefore, When formulating strategies for the comprehensive prevention and control of grape pests, the protection and use of natural enemies of pests for biological control is an important means of controlling pests.
1 Protection Principles
(1) Scientifically select low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides that are highly effective against pests and that are relatively safe for natural enemies, and emphasize the use of microbial pesticides and inorganic pesticides.
(2) Reasonable use of chemical agents, minimizing orchard dosage and chemical control.
(3) According to the object of prevention and treatment, determine the method of drug use.
(4) to avoid the sensitive period of natural enemies of pesticides to minimize the killing of natural enemies of pests.
(5) Strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests in the dormant period of fruit trees. The reasons for less red flower spikes in grapes are to reduce the stress during the growing season and to promote the restoration and establishment of pest natural enemy communities.
(6) Do a good job of artificial breeding and releasing natural enemies.
2 Protection methods
2.1 Protecting and using local natural enemies
Under natural conditions, the natural enemies species and communities are quite abundant, especially the number of natural enemies in orchards. According to the survey, there are as many as 92 species of natural enemies, including insects and arachnids. Natural enemies are an important constraining factor in suppressing the population of pests, and they are also valuable resources that should be protected and utilized. The main methods of protecting and utilizing natural enemies in orchards are as follows:
(1) Apply agricultural cultivation measures to improve the living environment of natural enemies in order to increase the number of natural enemies and increase the effectiveness of natural enemies.
(2) Supplement the food and host of natural enemies. Planting pasture or oilseeds around or in orchards will change the unity of the plants and provide natural enemies with abundant prey and honey (pollen and nectar) and good habitats to promote the natural reproduction of natural enemies.
(3) Rational use of chemical pesticides. Select low-toxic or non-toxic species for natural enemies, adjust the time of medication, change the pesticide formulation, concentration, and use methods to minimize the killing of natural enemies.
2.2 Mass reproduction to release natural enemies or production application of insecticidal microbial agents
For some invasive pests, it is very difficult to control the natural proliferation of natural enemies by themselves. It is necessary to adopt artificial reproduction to release natural enemies and produce microbial pesticides to supplement the natural enemies. Therefore, they can actively control pests.
2.3 Import or transplant natural predators
Introduce or transplant the native natural enemy species that have no or no native species from home and abroad, and allow them to colonize and reproduce in the local area.
2.4 Extermination of pest control lamps
Frequency-vibration type insecticidal lamp is a new type of product that uses physical trapping technology to comprehensively prevent and treat pests and diseases. It utilizes the characteristics of insect pests such as light, wave, color, and taste to trap and kill pests, and can seduce dozens of pests, but it is also useful for pests. Natural enemies have little effect. The prevention and control area of ​​each large-sized lamp is more than 30 mu, which does not endanger the safety of people and livestock, and has low cost and long service life. It is applied to grape production and has significant ecological, social and economic benefits.
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