Litchi blossom drop, also known as "litchi flowers," is a common issue in litchi cultivation that can significantly affect fruit yield and quality. Understanding the causes and implementing proper prevention and remedial measures are essential for successful production.
First, let's explore the main causes of litchi blossoms. One primary reason is the excessive shortening of flower spikes due to improper pruning or chemical treatments. In many orchards, growers manually remove the first set of flower spikes or use chemicals to kill them, especially for early and mid-season varieties like 'March Red' and 'Dumplings.' This encourages the growth of a second batch of flowers. However, if the chemical application is not properly controlled, the new flower spikes become very short (about 3 to 8 cm) and clustered, which leads to poor ventilation and light penetration. As a result, these spikes are prone to damage during rainy weather.
Another cause is over-pruning, where too many flower buds are removed, leaving only a small cluster at the top. This creates dense, short clusters that are more susceptible to blossom drop. Additionally, failure to shake off burnt flowers after heavy rain can also lead to litchi blossoms, as the damaged flowers may rot and spread disease.
To prevent litchi blossoms, two key strategies should be applied. First, after removing or treating the first batch of flower spikes, it's crucial to thin out the second batch promptly. During this process, care must be taken to maintain the natural shape of the flower spikes, avoiding the formation of tight, clustered spikes. Second, during rainy periods, shaking the branches regularly helps remove burnt flowers, preventing them from rotting and causing further damage.
If litchi blossoms do occur, immediate action is necessary. Shaking off the affected flowers prevents them from rotting and contaminating healthy ones on the same spike. If the flower spikes are too dense, using water to rinse them can improve air circulation and reduce moisture buildup. In severe cases, cutting off the spent flowers and thinning the spikes can help. Applying foliar fertilizer at this stage can also promote healthier regrowth. Within about 10 days, a new batch of flowers will appear, with a higher proportion of female flowers and improved fruit-setting rates.
By understanding and addressing the causes of litchi blossoms, growers can significantly improve their crop outcomes and ensure better yields year after year.
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