This spring, low temperatures, more than a few days, is conducive to the occurrence of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and urged farmers to take precautions as soon as possible to reduce the harm.
First, the symptoms
After the seedlings were infected, the leaves showed light brown lesions and the edges were not obvious. The diseased tissue caused soft rot to cause tripping. Injury at the heart of the package caused spotting of water-sag-like depressions in the bases of the vegetables and stems near the ground. They began to appear pale brown and later turned brown or off-white. The diseased parts rotted. When the environment is wet, white hairs and black-brown mycelia grow out of the diseased parts, and black worm sclerotia are formed. The whole stem of the diseased stem was killed one week after stemming.
Second, the incidence of the law
The disease is a fungal disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The pathogen is mainly left in the soil by sclerotia or mixed in the seeds for summer or winter. The sclerotia do not need to be dormant. In wet conditions, the sclerotia can germinate, producing ascospore spores that spread through the air stream. The optimum temperature for pathogenic development is 20°C. Sclerotia mycelia or ascospores are spread in the fields with wind and rain. Low temperature and low sunshine, wet and damp, the disease occurred more severe. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer is too large, the terrain is low, and poor drainage is conducive to the occurrence of the disease.
Third, control methods
1. Agricultural control. Before sowing, the seeds are rinsed with 10% saline or 10% to 20% ammonium sulfate solution, air-dried and sowed. Before sowing, the nursery bed temperature was adjusted to 55°C for 2 hours to kill the sclerotia in the soil. 2 to 3 year rotation with crucifer crops. Deeply dig the land and bury the sclerotia that remains on the ground below 10 cm in the soil. Apply enough base fertilizer and increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Do not apply nitrogen fertilizers. Strengthen drainage to make the soil dry properly. The diseased plant was found and removed in time, and the diseased plant was brought out of the field and burned or buried deeply. When watering, it is necessary to dilute the water and prevent flooding.
2. Chemical control. In the early stage of the disease, spray protection should be promptly applied, and the plant should be sprayed on the stem base, the old leaves, and the ground. Can be used per acre with 5% of chlorine nitrate powder 2 ~ 2.5 kg and 15 kg of fine soil spread after spreading in the line. Spraying 50% quick-inking WP 2000 times or 40% sclerotin WP 800 times or 50% isoprenil wettable powder 1000-1500 times or 50% acetaminophen WP 1000 Double fluid, spray once every 7 to 10 days, and spray 2 or 3 times.
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