1. Fertilization Timing: Based on the root growth cycle of the ramulus species, the first peak of root development occurs from early October to early November. Therefore, it is recommended to apply basal fertilizer in October to support strong and healthy root development. This will not only promote root growth but also provide essential nutrients for flowering, new shoot development, and fruit enlargement in the following year. However, many farmers currently apply basal fertilizers in spring, when the fertilizers have not fully decomposed by the time the shoots and flowers appear, making it difficult for young shoots and fruits to absorb sufficient nutrients.
2. Fertilizer Types and Dosage: For basic fertilization, organic options such as animal manure, cake fertilizer, and compost are commonly used. For each bayberry plant, approximately 10-15 kg of manure, 15-20 kg of compost, or 1-2 kg of cake fertilizer is typically applied. To enhance the effectiveness of the fertilizer, a small amount of biological fertilizer can also be added, which helps improve soil structure and nutrient availability over time.
3. Application Methods:
1. For adult trees: Ring fertilization is usually preferred. A circular trench is dug around the tree trunk, with the width matching the canopy size and a depth of 20-30 cm. After applying the fertilizer, the soil is covered. Due to the extensive root system of mature trees, it's more efficient to concentrate the fertilizer in specific areas. Cavity or radial application methods can be used. For cavity fertilization, 5-6 holes are dug around the canopy, spaced evenly, with hole size and depth depending on the amount of fertilizer and canopy size. Alternatively, 5-7 radial trenches can be dug, extending 70-80 cm from the trunk, 30-40 cm wide, and 30 cm deep, then covered after application.
2. For young trees: A disc-shaped fertilization method is more suitable. A flat area around the trunk is created, matching the canopy size, with a depth of 20-30 cm. The soil removed is piled up around the edge, and after fertilizing, it is returned to the ground and covered with soil.
4. Important Notes:
1. Organic fertilizers should be well-decomposed before application to avoid attracting pests like termites.
2. The use of banned pesticides such as carbofuran is strictly prohibited when applying organic fertilizers.
3. When applying basal fertilizer, care must be taken not to damage the roots excessively, as this can weaken the tree’s health and reduce its ability to absorb nutrients effectively.
By following these practices, farmers can ensure that their bayberry trees receive optimal nutrition at the right time, leading to healthier growth, better fruit production, and long-term sustainability of the orchard.
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