Omi Oyster is a warm shellfish that is distributed on the Pacific coast of Japan and on the north and south coasts of China. It is the main economic shellfish in South China. It is called “èšâ€ and “蚵†in Guangdong and Fujian. It has high nutritional value, and its breeding technology is maturing. It is China’s traditional export seafood. The Ogasawara oyster seed production method is described below.
Breeding habits 1. Breeding season The breeding season of Ogi oysters varies from place to place, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Breeding seasons in different sea areas Sea area breeding season (peak period)
Beihai, Guangxi, July-August, May-August, Guangdong Coast (6 -7)
Fujian Province April-July (4 -6)
In the period of July-August near the mouth of the Yellow River, the spawning method of spawning Ogasawara is an oviparous type of reproduction. Its broodstock excretes mature eggs during the breeding season and is fertilized in seawater of moderate salinity.
Third, the amount of eggs laid, the size of the eggs, and the shape of the Oyster Ovipositor are large. A mature brood can have an average fecundity of tens of millions to 100 million, but it occurs in the natural world from the fertilized egg to the metamorphosis to growth. The proportion of an adult oyster is very low. The mature egg diameter is generally 50-60 microns and the shape is a diamond; the sperm size is 60 microns and the head is only 2 microns. After the egg is fertilized, it contracts in a spherical shape.
The seed production methods for seed production of Omi oysters are mainly semi-artificial seedlings.
1. The picking season in the seedling season is mainly concentrated on the oyster breeding period. The harvesting season of Oysters in the Nanhai District is mainly in June-August, and the water temperature during picking is 20-30°C. When collecting seedlings, they are often concentrated in a period of 1-2 months. When the timing is lost, it will affect one cycle of production. All localities should have good historical data to find out the exact seedling-harvesting period. Conditional regions should promote seedling mining forecast.
Second, the choice of mining sea area
1. Terrain Selection The inner waves of the Bay Area with relatively calm winds, smooth tides, rich habitat for oysters, and relatively small slopes are the best horns or bags.
2. The bottom material is cultured with stones, suitable for mud or sand bottom with hard sediment, and cement pillars, stone pillars, or fixed hanging type seedlings are preferred for those with more mud content; Seedlings and aquaculture have strict requirements on the quality of the substratum.
3. The salinity of the oysters near the river is suitable for low salinity to wide salty species. The appropriate salinity at the time of picking seedlings is between 4 ‰ and 17 ‰, which should be selected at the middle and upper estuaries of the estuary.
4. In the tidal area, the middle zone and the lower zone of the intertidal zone should be selected.
Third, the type of picking device selection Marrow pickers generally require easy access, low cost, easy to operate, durable, rough surface, large attachment area. The main materials are stones, shells, tiles, bamboo, ceramics, rubber tires, cement products and so on.
1. The stone attachments are selected from hard granite stones, stones and granite, etc. They are durable and have a large rough surface. The stone specification is 0.8 -1 0.180.0 5-0.0 6 meters, and the stone weight is 3-7 kg. .
2. The shell attachment device uses scallops shells, oyster shells, and clam shells as materials. The surface of the shells is rough and multi-shadow, suitable for attachment of seedlings, and lighter, easier to move, and can be obtained on the spot with low cost. The shells are perforated and punctuated by 1.5-4 m galvanized wire, and separated from the shells by a 5-10 cm length of bamboo or plastic tube and hung on the raft or scaffold. Can be used to pick seedlings.
3. The bamboo adherer uses a thick bamboo with a diameter of 1-5 cm and a length of about 1.2 meters as the seedling picker. It should be buried in the sand or be dried for a long time and be inserted obliquely on the beach for 1-2 months to remove the bamboo acid or bamboo. Can be used after oil. It is suitable for use in the tidal flats with soft mud and small waves.
4. Cement extractors The most commonly used seedlingers in production are cement tiles, cement boards, and cement rods. See Table 2 for the specifications of several cement applicators.
5. Rubber tyres Rubber cords made of automobile or bicycle tires are characterized by rich material sources, simple production, low cost, corrosion resistance, light weight and durability. They are suitable for cutting and seedlings for harvesting, and generally 1 ton of old rubber. The fetus can produce about 2,000 picking devices.
Table 2 Production Specifications for Several Cement Adhesives (cm)
Type long thick cement tile 17-24 14-19 1.5 -2.5
Cement board 80 12 5
Cement stick 40-100 5-10 5-10
Fourth, picking method After determining the time for picking seedlings, you can start productive picking.
1. Before picking the seedlings to be put in place, the site for picking seedlings must be sorted out in order to improve the effect of picking seedlings. The shoal picking site is not completely the same due to the different environments, bottoms, and topography. In principle, the smooth flow, transportation, and management are convenient. Normally, about 1 month before picking, the flag is set at the picking site and the enemy pests and debris are removed at the tide, and then they are spliced ​​into long strips and raised arches. The length is 30-50 meters, and the length of the beak is roughly perpendicular to the coast.
2. After the seedlings have been placed and put in the seedlings, the selected seedlings will be transported to the sea area of ​​the seedlings farm at the time of high tide, and the headings will be slowly moved forward according to the signs. During the relatively slow period from Pingchuan to Pingchao, there are plans to evenly place the picking device; put it on the cement column and put them vertically.
The amount of planting area per unit should be determined according to the type of seedlinger, site water depth, soft and hard sediment, and water flow delay. Generally speaking, stone seedlings are planted in 25-50 tons per mu (4-5 kg ​​per piece), and the depth of the water can be appropriately increased; the amount of seedlings for the clam shell is 10-15 tons per mu and the cement rods are collected. The amount of seedlings to be planted per mu is 2000-2500 pieces, cement tile is 3000-5000 pieces per mu, and bamboo is 1000-15000 pieces per mu.
3, the arrangement of the harvester because the sediment suspended in the water will precipitate on the seedlings and sunlight exposure, will affect the seedling effect, so in order to increase seedlings fixed, should increase the shade of the seedlings. Oyster shells, stones and other seedlings are placed after finishing, so that they are distributed evenly or according to specifications. In the case of sorting and sorting, start from the upper section of the oyster field near the middle tide line, collect scattered seedling harvesters, combine 2-3 oyster shells or stones, and arrange them in rows with a width of 0.5 -1 m and a row spacing of 0.6. -1.5 m. As the tide level goes down, the ratio of line width to line spacing increases, and the line spacing gets closer to the low tide line.
The arrangement of the cement pickers requires a reasonable compaction and convenient management in order to exert the production efficiency of the site and the harvester. In the case of picking seedlings and breeding the same site, the density requirements of the culture cost are controlled. In the case of transfer of aquaculture sites after picking, their densities can be greatly increased.
Fifth, the effect of picking seedlings inspection oyster seedlings fixed 3-5 days after the seedlings can be seen the effect. During the inspection, the harvester was removed, the floating sludge was washed off, and the seedlings were observed using side-shooting sunlight. The size of the oyster seedlings was generally 0.2-0.3 mm. After the seedlings are released, some barnacles may also be attached. If a lot of barnacles are detected, they should be cleaned and collected again. If the seedlings are too dense, they should take sparse seedlings by using a spade shovel to draw a few traces on the harvester and discard some seedlings to keep the seedlings growing normally. Generally less than 0.2 per square centimeter does not meet production requirements. 0.5 - 1.5 are suitable, 1.5 - 4 are more, and 4 or more are too dense.
Breeding habits 1. Breeding season The breeding season of Ogi oysters varies from place to place, as shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Breeding seasons in different sea areas Sea area breeding season (peak period)
Beihai, Guangxi, July-August, May-August, Guangdong Coast (6 -7)
Fujian Province April-July (4 -6)
In the period of July-August near the mouth of the Yellow River, the spawning method of spawning Ogasawara is an oviparous type of reproduction. Its broodstock excretes mature eggs during the breeding season and is fertilized in seawater of moderate salinity.
Third, the amount of eggs laid, the size of the eggs, and the shape of the Oyster Ovipositor are large. A mature brood can have an average fecundity of tens of millions to 100 million, but it occurs in the natural world from the fertilized egg to the metamorphosis to growth. The proportion of an adult oyster is very low. The mature egg diameter is generally 50-60 microns and the shape is a diamond; the sperm size is 60 microns and the head is only 2 microns. After the egg is fertilized, it contracts in a spherical shape.
The seed production methods for seed production of Omi oysters are mainly semi-artificial seedlings.
1. The picking season in the seedling season is mainly concentrated on the oyster breeding period. The harvesting season of Oysters in the Nanhai District is mainly in June-August, and the water temperature during picking is 20-30°C. When collecting seedlings, they are often concentrated in a period of 1-2 months. When the timing is lost, it will affect one cycle of production. All localities should have good historical data to find out the exact seedling-harvesting period. Conditional regions should promote seedling mining forecast.
Second, the choice of mining sea area
1. Terrain Selection The inner waves of the Bay Area with relatively calm winds, smooth tides, rich habitat for oysters, and relatively small slopes are the best horns or bags.
2. The bottom material is cultured with stones, suitable for mud or sand bottom with hard sediment, and cement pillars, stone pillars, or fixed hanging type seedlings are preferred for those with more mud content; Seedlings and aquaculture have strict requirements on the quality of the substratum.
3. The salinity of the oysters near the river is suitable for low salinity to wide salty species. The appropriate salinity at the time of picking seedlings is between 4 ‰ and 17 ‰, which should be selected at the middle and upper estuaries of the estuary.
4. In the tidal area, the middle zone and the lower zone of the intertidal zone should be selected.
Third, the type of picking device selection Marrow pickers generally require easy access, low cost, easy to operate, durable, rough surface, large attachment area. The main materials are stones, shells, tiles, bamboo, ceramics, rubber tires, cement products and so on.
1. The stone attachments are selected from hard granite stones, stones and granite, etc. They are durable and have a large rough surface. The stone specification is 0.8 -1 0.180.0 5-0.0 6 meters, and the stone weight is 3-7 kg. .
2. The shell attachment device uses scallops shells, oyster shells, and clam shells as materials. The surface of the shells is rough and multi-shadow, suitable for attachment of seedlings, and lighter, easier to move, and can be obtained on the spot with low cost. The shells are perforated and punctuated by 1.5-4 m galvanized wire, and separated from the shells by a 5-10 cm length of bamboo or plastic tube and hung on the raft or scaffold. Can be used to pick seedlings.
3. The bamboo adherer uses a thick bamboo with a diameter of 1-5 cm and a length of about 1.2 meters as the seedling picker. It should be buried in the sand or be dried for a long time and be inserted obliquely on the beach for 1-2 months to remove the bamboo acid or bamboo. Can be used after oil. It is suitable for use in the tidal flats with soft mud and small waves.
4. Cement extractors The most commonly used seedlingers in production are cement tiles, cement boards, and cement rods. See Table 2 for the specifications of several cement applicators.
5. Rubber tyres Rubber cords made of automobile or bicycle tires are characterized by rich material sources, simple production, low cost, corrosion resistance, light weight and durability. They are suitable for cutting and seedlings for harvesting, and generally 1 ton of old rubber. The fetus can produce about 2,000 picking devices.
Table 2 Production Specifications for Several Cement Adhesives (cm)
Type long thick cement tile 17-24 14-19 1.5 -2.5
Cement board 80 12 5
Cement stick 40-100 5-10 5-10
Fourth, picking method After determining the time for picking seedlings, you can start productive picking.
1. Before picking the seedlings to be put in place, the site for picking seedlings must be sorted out in order to improve the effect of picking seedlings. The shoal picking site is not completely the same due to the different environments, bottoms, and topography. In principle, the smooth flow, transportation, and management are convenient. Normally, about 1 month before picking, the flag is set at the picking site and the enemy pests and debris are removed at the tide, and then they are spliced ​​into long strips and raised arches. The length is 30-50 meters, and the length of the beak is roughly perpendicular to the coast.
2. After the seedlings have been placed and put in the seedlings, the selected seedlings will be transported to the sea area of ​​the seedlings farm at the time of high tide, and the headings will be slowly moved forward according to the signs. During the relatively slow period from Pingchuan to Pingchao, there are plans to evenly place the picking device; put it on the cement column and put them vertically.
The amount of planting area per unit should be determined according to the type of seedlinger, site water depth, soft and hard sediment, and water flow delay. Generally speaking, stone seedlings are planted in 25-50 tons per mu (4-5 kg ​​per piece), and the depth of the water can be appropriately increased; the amount of seedlings for the clam shell is 10-15 tons per mu and the cement rods are collected. The amount of seedlings to be planted per mu is 2000-2500 pieces, cement tile is 3000-5000 pieces per mu, and bamboo is 1000-15000 pieces per mu.
3, the arrangement of the harvester because the sediment suspended in the water will precipitate on the seedlings and sunlight exposure, will affect the seedling effect, so in order to increase seedlings fixed, should increase the shade of the seedlings. Oyster shells, stones and other seedlings are placed after finishing, so that they are distributed evenly or according to specifications. In the case of sorting and sorting, start from the upper section of the oyster field near the middle tide line, collect scattered seedling harvesters, combine 2-3 oyster shells or stones, and arrange them in rows with a width of 0.5 -1 m and a row spacing of 0.6. -1.5 m. As the tide level goes down, the ratio of line width to line spacing increases, and the line spacing gets closer to the low tide line.
The arrangement of the cement pickers requires a reasonable compaction and convenient management in order to exert the production efficiency of the site and the harvester. In the case of picking seedlings and breeding the same site, the density requirements of the culture cost are controlled. In the case of transfer of aquaculture sites after picking, their densities can be greatly increased.
Fifth, the effect of picking seedlings inspection oyster seedlings fixed 3-5 days after the seedlings can be seen the effect. During the inspection, the harvester was removed, the floating sludge was washed off, and the seedlings were observed using side-shooting sunlight. The size of the oyster seedlings was generally 0.2-0.3 mm. After the seedlings are released, some barnacles may also be attached. If a lot of barnacles are detected, they should be cleaned and collected again. If the seedlings are too dense, they should take sparse seedlings by using a spade shovel to draw a few traces on the harvester and discard some seedlings to keep the seedlings growing normally. Generally less than 0.2 per square centimeter does not meet production requirements. 0.5 - 1.5 are suitable, 1.5 - 4 are more, and 4 or more are too dense.
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