1. Leaf Spot. This disease primarily affects the leaves, starting with small brown spots that are round or irregular in shape. As the infection progresses, the center of the lesions turns gray to gray-white, while the edges remain red-brown. A black or gray mold often appears on the affected areas. High temperature and humidity are common causes of this disease, which spreads through wind and rain. Infestations tend to worsen after October. Prevention includes pruning and removing infected leaves, especially during winter, and burning them to prevent spread. In early May, spray a 1:2:100–200 Bordeaux mixture, followed by applications of 50% Benzoate at 1000–1500 times dilution or Zinamide at 500 times. Alternatively, use 70% Thiophanate-methyl diluted 1000 times.
2. Leaf Spot Disease. The symptoms usually begin at the leaf tips and margins, appearing as small light brown spots that later expand into round or irregular shapes. Lesions may merge, covering up to one-third to one-half of the leaf surface, turning grayish-brown with green edges. Small black spots can be seen on the lesions. This disease is more severe under high temperature, high humidity, poor ventilation, and weak plant growth. It commonly occurs from July to November, spreading via wind and rain. To control it, spray 65% Mancozeb at 500 times dilution or 1:2:200 Bordeaux mixture at the first sign of infection. Additionally, apply 50% Carbendazim WP at 800–1000 times or 50% Benazet powder at 10–1500 times.
3. Thorn Moth. These pests are green or yellow-green with a white stripe along their back and typically feed on the underside of leaves, causing damage by eating the leaf tissue. Before the larvae become too active, loosen the soil around the tree trunk to encourage them to gather, making it easier to remove them. You can also use Bt emulsion (with over 10 billion spores per ml) at 500–800 times dilution. Other options include spraying 2.5% Deltamethrin EC or 20% Geraniol EC at 3000 times dilution.
4. Scale Insects. In the Yangtze River region, these pests can have 2–3 generations per year, with the most severe damage occurring between May–June and August–September. They attach themselves to stems, branches, and leaves, secreting honeydew that leads to sooty mold. High temperature and humidity favor their development. When infestations are light, gently brush them off with a soft brush for effective control. During summer, spraying with 0.3–0.5° Baum lime sulfur or 50% Monocrotophos EC at 1500 times dilution is recommended. Apply once every 7–10 days, repeating 2–3 times for best results.
5. Red Spider Mites. These pests thrive in hot and dry conditions. To manage them, ensure proper irrigation, especially during dry periods, and combine it with fertilization to strengthen the plants and improve their resistance. When using chemical pesticides, rotate them frequently to avoid resistance, especially with highly toxic options. Spraying 40% Chrysanthemum EC at 2000–3000 times or 40% Dimethoate at 1500 times has shown good results in controlling infestations.
Best Health Natural Sweetener Tagatose, which has a very similar taste and texture to sucrose. Sweetness is as 92% as sweet as sugar, but with only 38% of the calories.
Tagatose is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FAO/WHO. USA Food and Drug Administration approved tagatose as a food additive in October 2003 and designated it as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). Korea Food & Drug Administration approved tagatose as health functional food for antihyperglycemic effect. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) approved tagatose as novel food and novel food ingredient.
Since it is metabolized differently from sucrose, tagatose has a minimal effect on blood glucose and insulin levels. Tagatose is also approved as a tooth-friendly ingredient.
Tagatose is produced from Galactose through an enzymatic process. The health effects of Tagatose on blood glucose level after meal. Tagatose is a natural sweetener. a sweet fillers, suppress high blood sugar. It can improve the intestinal flora, and anti-tooth decay, eliminate bad breath.
1. Anti-hyperglycemic effect
2. Low Calorie : 1.5kcal/g
3. can improve the intestinal flora
4. Anti-tooth tooth decaying
5. Similar sweetness and sensory profile compared to sugar
Tagatose is an interesting natural sweetener that is just slightly less sweet than sugar. It has 92% of the sweetness but only 38% of the calories so it is useful as part of a calorie controlled diet. It is a monosaccharide with a simple molecular structure similar to glucose.
It has a good taste and a texture similar to sugar. It occurs naturally, but in small quantities in milk, also in certain fruits.
It has less than half the calories of sugar. It has a zero glycemic index. This makes it very suitable as part of a diabetic diet. Unlike most sugars it is not harmful to teeth, in fact it has been shown to help prevent damage to teeth. It is also a prebiotic. This means that it assists in the development of beneficial bacteria in the gut. It is also reputed to slow the absorption of glucose into the bloodstream, so it may be of additional use for diabetics in this regard.
1. Used for jam, jelly production, drinks, milk drinks, oyster sauce, soy sauce and other condiments accessories.
2. The pharmaceutical industry takes it as medicinal syrup sweeteners, thickeners, used in the production of high-end candy and hard candy.
3. Used in healthy products.
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