In recent years, the adoption of two-line hybrid late rice has gained momentum in southern provinces, with varieties such as Xiangliangyou 68, 65002, Eqiza No. 1, Liangyupete, Peizaoqing, and Peiyou 288 becoming increasingly popular. These hybrids not only share the general traits of three-line hybrid rice but also exhibit unique characteristics, including strong temperature sensitivity, limited tillering flexibility, a compact growth habit that allows for dense planting, and good resistance to lodging and excessive fertilization, making them suitable for high-yield production. They show significant dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake during the later growth stages, with noticeable grain filling in both the early and late seasons. However, they are more susceptible to rice smut during heading and flowering. To achieve optimal yields, special attention must be given to several key aspects beyond traditional high-yield practices used for three-line hybrids.
First, seed disinfection is crucial. Seeds should be soaked in clean water for 12 hours, followed by treatment with strong chlorine or other sterilizing agents. After disinfection, rinse the seeds thoroughly with clean water to remove any residual chemicals.
Second, timely sowing is essential. In the Longnan region, the ideal sowing period for Liangyupete and Peizashanqing is between June 23 and June 25, while in the southern Minnan region (including Nanchang), it should be between June 18 and June 22. For Peiyoupite and Peizashanqing, sowing should occur about five days later. The recommended seeding rate is 8–10 kg per mu (667 m²). The seedling age for Liangyupete and Peizashanqing is 28–32 days, whereas for Peiliangyou 288, it is 25–28 days. Peiliangyou 288 can be sown at the end of June or beginning of July, with the seedlings kept under control for up to 20 days.
Third, proper planting density is important. A spacing of 13 cm x 20 cm is recommended, ensuring that each 667 m² contains 22,000–2.5 million hills, with 2 grains per hill and 80,000–10 million seedlings (with at least 2 leaves and one heart).
Fourth, scientific fertilization is key. Since these varieties have high dry matter and nutrient uptake in the later stages, fertilization should focus on mid- to late-season application. Apply 1000–1500 kg of pig manure or 200–250 kg of fresh straw, along with 40–50 kg of cake fertilizer, 30–40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, and 8–9 kg of urea as base fertilizer. Five to seven days after planting, apply 4–5 kg of urea and 7.5 kg of potassium chloride per 667 m². Thirty to thirty-two days after planting, apply another 4–5 kg of urea and 2–3 kg of potassium chloride. During ear development, apply 2–2.5 kg of urea per 667 m² to strengthen the crop.
Fifth, field management involves controlled irrigation. When the total number of tillers reaches 60,000–18 million per 667 m² for Liangyupete and Peizashan, begin draining the field and allow it to dry several times. When the second leaf begins to unfold, replenish with shallow water until the rice panicle is fully developed. Maintain light watering for 3–5 days to promote grain filling. One week before harvesting, open the ditches and stop irrigation. These varieties tend to have large panicles and noticeable grain filling in both stages.
Lastly, disease prevention is critical. To prevent rice smut, spray 400 liters of 14% copper ammonium solution or 75 liters of 20% triadimefon mixed with 50–60 kg of water 7–10 days before heading. Be cautious with the concentration to avoid leaf damage.
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