1. Leaf Spot Disease. This disease primarily affects the leaves, starting with small brown spots that are round or irregular in shape. As the infection progresses, the center of the lesions turns gray to gray-white, while the edges become reddish-brown. A black or gray mold often appears on the affected areas. High temperatures and humidity are common causes of this disease, which spreads through wind and rain. Infestations tend to worsen after October. Prevention includes pruning and removing infected leaves, especially during winter, and burning them to prevent spread. In early May, spray a 1:2:100–200 Bordeaux mixture. Follow up with a 50% Benzoate solution diluted 1000–1500 times or Zinamide at 500 times. Alternatively, use 70% Thiophanate-methyl at 1000 times for effective control.
2. Another form of Leaf Spot. Lesions typically begin at the leaf tips and gradually expand into round or irregular shapes. Initially, the spots are light brown and may merge, covering about one-third to half of the leaf surface. The lesions appear grayish-brown with green edges, and small black spots can be seen on the affected areas. This disease thrives in high humidity, poor ventilation, and weak plant growth, usually occurring from July to November. It spreads through wind and rain. To manage it, apply 65% Zinc Oxide at 500 times dilution or a 1:2:200 Bordeaux mixture at the first sign of infection. You can also use 50% Carbendazim WP at 800–1000 times or 50% Benazet at 10–1500 times for best results.
3. Thorn Moth. These pests are green or yellow-green with a white stripe along the back and often feed on the underside of leaves, causing damage by consuming the leaf tissue. Before the larvae become too active, loosen the soil around tree trunks to encourage them to gather, making removal easier. Alternatively, use Bt emulsion (with more than 10 billion spores per milliliter) diluted 500–800 times. You can also spray 2.5% Deltamethrin EC or 20% Geraniol EC at 3000 times for effective control.
4. Scale Insects. In the Yangtze River region, they can have two to three generations per year, with the most severe damage occurring between May–June and August–September. These insects attach themselves to the main stems, branches, or leaves, secreting honeydew that leads to sooty mold. High temperature and humidity favor their development. When infestations are small, gently brush them off with a soft brush for good results. During summer, spraying with 0.3–0.5° Baum lime sulfur or 50% Monocrotophos EC at 1500 times is recommended. Apply every 7–10 days, repeating 2–3 times for optimal control.
5. Red Spider Mites. These pests thrive in hot and dry conditions. To manage them, ensure regular irrigation and proper fertilization to strengthen the plants and improve their resistance. When using chemical pesticides, rotate products frequently to avoid resistance. Spraying 40% Chrysanthemum EC at 2000–3000 times or 40% Dimethoate at 1500 times can effectively reduce infestations. Always follow safety guidelines when applying any pesticide.
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