As far as soil cultivation is concerned, the soilless culture of carp has the advantages of easy management, easy domestication, high stocking density, and high economic benefit. Soilless aquaculture can be divided into two types: waterless soilless culture and static waterless soilless culture.
(1) The principle of the design of the fish pond 1 should follow the principles of “fighting against evasion, easy catching, convenient drainage and drainage, and simulating the natural environmentâ€.
2 Fish pond specifications - generally 6 - 10 m2, pool height 25 - 30 cm, slightly higher outdoor ponds. Because the squid is relatively docile, as long as the fish nest is set well, there is no over-stimulation, and it is very rare for the wall to escape. Single brick walls can be used, and cement or pad plastic film can be used to wipe in, and several sizes of small tanks can be strung into rows. However, the inlet and outlet must be independent to prevent pests and diseases from infecting each other.
3 The shape of the fish pond is preferably rectangular or square.
4 "Sanshuikou" (water inlet, drain outlet, overflow outlet) requires the outlet to be slightly lower than the bottom of the pool; the inlet is located directly above the food platform, opposite the outlet, and the position is generally 15 - 20 centimeters from the bottom of the pool; The mouth distance is 20 cm at the bottom of the pool. There is no overflow outlet for indoor breeding. The diameter of each nozzle should be 5 - 6 cm. A nylon net should be used to cover the feces and prevent the escape of the catfish.
5 Fish nest design - generally sets fish nests at the four corners of the fish pond. It can stack tiles or broken bricks. The gap is slightly larger than the fish - point, but not too wide. It can also be replaced by bamboo pipe, PVC pipe, etc. . In addition, the fish pond is set aside 1/3 of the area to set up the food table, which can be nailed into a rectangular box using wooden bars, nylon nets, or purchased from the market.
(2) Fish processing 1 The quality of fingerlings should be 40-80 pieces/kg. The fingerling should be healthy and active, and the body surface should be free from injury. The body color should be yellow and blue and yellow. .
2 The disinfection methods of fingerlings for fish fingerlings are: (a) Soaking with 3% - 5% saline for 5 minutes, but this method is irritating and must be handled cautiously; (b) Use 10 μg/g. KMnO4 solution or 8 - 10 μg / g bleach solution soaking for 10 minutes, the effect is better; (c) with parasites, especially when the Chinese cervical pheasant with 0.2% trichlorfon solution dip 10 - 15 minutes, or with 8 Soak in micrograms/gram copper sulfate for 5 minutes.
3 Before high-intensity exercise is put into the fish pond, it is better to use large plastic pots to hold the fish species for 1-2 days for high-density exercise (density of 5 kg/m2) and change the water thoroughly every 3 - 4 hours.
4 Stocking density - typically 1.5 - 2.5 kg/m2. Density may be slightly higher at high technical management levels but should not exceed 5 kg/m2.
(3) Day-to-day management 1 Water quality management The water depth in the room is kept at 5 - 8 cm, and it is kept about 10 cm outdoors. It can be deepened to 15 - 20 cm in hot season. Due to the shallow water level, the carp excretion is large and the water quality is easily deteriorated. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly change the water, which is the key to landless farming in aquaculture. It is generally 3 - 4 days in summer, 1 time in spring and autumn, and it must be replaced thoroughly every time. Production practices have shown that the complete replacement of water conservancy in pest control does not affect the growth and development of carps.
2 After the stocking species is stocked, it takes 7 - 10 days or even longer to acclimate the squid to feed on the compound feed (whether the feed is wet or soft or into a strip with a meat grinder). To "time, quantitative and fixed-point", and take appropriate management measures by observing the feeding situation of squid.
3 Prevention and control of pests and diseases should be based on prevention. The main diseases and pests in still waterless culture include capillary nematode disease, enteritis disease, bacterial rotting disease, print disease, and erythroderma disease. After the domesticated food has been successfully eaten, the drugs (such as trichlorfon and anthelmintic) are mixed and killed immediately. The prevention and control methods for other diseases are similar to that of native culture.
4 In summer, relatively speaking, indoor summer is easier. Outdoor breeding - we must consider shading, deepening the water level at high temperatures, using groundwater to regulate temperature and other measures.
5 Overwintering - usually overwintering in earthen aquaculture ponds, divided into two kinds, with or without water. With water, the depth of wintering is about 20 centimeters, but we must put grass, branches and other objects to prevent the whole pool from freezing. Without water, it will be drained before it hibernates in winter, and the mud will remain moist. It will be safely overwintering with insulation materials such as straw. Where conditions permit, the indoor temperature in winter is kept above 15 degrees Celsius, so that the carp breaks dormancy and can still grow in winter. The sale of commercial plutonium before and after the Spring Festival will be more economical.
(1) The principle of the design of the fish pond 1 should follow the principles of “fighting against evasion, easy catching, convenient drainage and drainage, and simulating the natural environmentâ€.
2 Fish pond specifications - generally 6 - 10 m2, pool height 25 - 30 cm, slightly higher outdoor ponds. Because the squid is relatively docile, as long as the fish nest is set well, there is no over-stimulation, and it is very rare for the wall to escape. Single brick walls can be used, and cement or pad plastic film can be used to wipe in, and several sizes of small tanks can be strung into rows. However, the inlet and outlet must be independent to prevent pests and diseases from infecting each other.
3 The shape of the fish pond is preferably rectangular or square.
4 "Sanshuikou" (water inlet, drain outlet, overflow outlet) requires the outlet to be slightly lower than the bottom of the pool; the inlet is located directly above the food platform, opposite the outlet, and the position is generally 15 - 20 centimeters from the bottom of the pool; The mouth distance is 20 cm at the bottom of the pool. There is no overflow outlet for indoor breeding. The diameter of each nozzle should be 5 - 6 cm. A nylon net should be used to cover the feces and prevent the escape of the catfish.
5 Fish nest design - generally sets fish nests at the four corners of the fish pond. It can stack tiles or broken bricks. The gap is slightly larger than the fish - point, but not too wide. It can also be replaced by bamboo pipe, PVC pipe, etc. . In addition, the fish pond is set aside 1/3 of the area to set up the food table, which can be nailed into a rectangular box using wooden bars, nylon nets, or purchased from the market.
(2) Fish processing 1 The quality of fingerlings should be 40-80 pieces/kg. The fingerling should be healthy and active, and the body surface should be free from injury. The body color should be yellow and blue and yellow. .
2 The disinfection methods of fingerlings for fish fingerlings are: (a) Soaking with 3% - 5% saline for 5 minutes, but this method is irritating and must be handled cautiously; (b) Use 10 μg/g. KMnO4 solution or 8 - 10 μg / g bleach solution soaking for 10 minutes, the effect is better; (c) with parasites, especially when the Chinese cervical pheasant with 0.2% trichlorfon solution dip 10 - 15 minutes, or with 8 Soak in micrograms/gram copper sulfate for 5 minutes.
3 Before high-intensity exercise is put into the fish pond, it is better to use large plastic pots to hold the fish species for 1-2 days for high-density exercise (density of 5 kg/m2) and change the water thoroughly every 3 - 4 hours.
4 Stocking density - typically 1.5 - 2.5 kg/m2. Density may be slightly higher at high technical management levels but should not exceed 5 kg/m2.
(3) Day-to-day management 1 Water quality management The water depth in the room is kept at 5 - 8 cm, and it is kept about 10 cm outdoors. It can be deepened to 15 - 20 cm in hot season. Due to the shallow water level, the carp excretion is large and the water quality is easily deteriorated. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly change the water, which is the key to landless farming in aquaculture. It is generally 3 - 4 days in summer, 1 time in spring and autumn, and it must be replaced thoroughly every time. Production practices have shown that the complete replacement of water conservancy in pest control does not affect the growth and development of carps.
2 After the stocking species is stocked, it takes 7 - 10 days or even longer to acclimate the squid to feed on the compound feed (whether the feed is wet or soft or into a strip with a meat grinder). To "time, quantitative and fixed-point", and take appropriate management measures by observing the feeding situation of squid.
3 Prevention and control of pests and diseases should be based on prevention. The main diseases and pests in still waterless culture include capillary nematode disease, enteritis disease, bacterial rotting disease, print disease, and erythroderma disease. After the domesticated food has been successfully eaten, the drugs (such as trichlorfon and anthelmintic) are mixed and killed immediately. The prevention and control methods for other diseases are similar to that of native culture.
4 In summer, relatively speaking, indoor summer is easier. Outdoor breeding - we must consider shading, deepening the water level at high temperatures, using groundwater to regulate temperature and other measures.
5 Overwintering - usually overwintering in earthen aquaculture ponds, divided into two kinds, with or without water. With water, the depth of wintering is about 20 centimeters, but we must put grass, branches and other objects to prevent the whole pool from freezing. Without water, it will be drained before it hibernates in winter, and the mud will remain moist. It will be safely overwintering with insulation materials such as straw. Where conditions permit, the indoor temperature in winter is kept above 15 degrees Celsius, so that the carp breaks dormancy and can still grow in winter. The sale of commercial plutonium before and after the Spring Festival will be more economical.
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